Evolving concepts in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis: from endothelial dysfunction to thrombus formation through multiple shades of inflammation.

Atherosclerosis is the anatomo-pathological substrate of most cardio, cerebro and vascular diseases such as acute and chronic coronary syndromes, stroke and peripheral artery diseases. The pathophysiology of atherosclerotic plaque and its complications are under continuous investigation. In the last 2 decades our understanding on the formation, progression and complication of the atherosclerotic lesion has greatly improved and the role of immunity and inflammation is now well documented and accepted.

Platelet‑to‑lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio and monocyte‑to‑HDL cholesterol ratio as helpful biomarkers for patients hospitalized for deep vein thrombosis.

There is an increased interest for novel biomarkers in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Moreover, the link between inflammation and venous thromboembolism has attracted increasing research interests. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of the platelet‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte‑to‑high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) as biomarkers for acute DVT.

Platelet‑to‑lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio and monocyte‑to‑HDL cholesterol ratio as markers of peripheral artery disease in elderly patients.

Solid evidence underlines the pivotal role played by inflammation regarding atherosclerosis. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), it is highly frequently diagnosed in older individuals. In the present study we carried out an investigation on the association between platelet‑to‑lymphocytes ratio (PLR), neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte‑to‑HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR) with PAD as favourable markers.

Impact of Sex Differences and Diabetes on Coronary Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Heart Disease.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are the main cause of mortality in industrialized countries. Although it is well known that there is a difference in the risk of these diseases in women and men, current therapy does not consider the sexual dimorphism; i.e.

"State-of-Art" paper of the Italian Working Group on Atherosclerosis: Preclinical assessment of early coronary atherosclerosis.

Although the early diagnosis and treatment for acute myocardial infarction have improved over the past decades, the morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD) remain significant in Europe and worldwide. It is estimated that the majority of people in the developed countries who die suddenly from CAD, have no prior manifestation of disease, and the majority of these individuals are not considered to be at high risk. Accurate identification of individuals at risk of such events before the clinical manifestations is therefore required.