Reinforcement learning for online testing of autonomous driving systems: a replication and extension study.

In a recent study, Reinforcement Learning (RL) used in combination with many-objective search, has been shown to outperform alternative techniques (random search and many-objective search) for online testing of Deep Neural Network-enabled systems. The empirical evaluation of these techniques was conducted on a state-of-the-art Autonomous Driving System (ADS). This work is a replication and extension of that empirical study.

Development and characterization of new carnosine-loaded liposomal formulations.

Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide characterized by a multimodal mechanism of action. However, its clinical potential is limited by serum and cytosolic carnosinases, which significantly reduce its bioavailability. Based on that, different research groups have worked on the development of new strategies able not only to prevent its rapid metabolization but also to improve its distribution and specific targeting.

Lost in translation: How neurons cope with tRNA decoding.

Post-transcriptional tRNA modifications contribute to the decoding efficiency of tRNAs by supporting codon recognition and tRNA stability. Recent work shows that the molecular and cellular functions of tRNA modifications and tRNA-modifying-enzymes are linked to brain development and neurological disorders. Lack of these modifications affects codon recognition and decoding rate, promoting protein aggregation and translational stress response pathways with toxic consequences to the cell.

Solvation of Model Biomolecules in Choline-Aminoate Ionic Liquids: A Computational Simulation Using Polarizable Force Fields.

One can foresee a very near future where ionic liquids will be used in applications such as biomolecular chemistry or medicine. The molecular details of their interaction with biological matter, however, are difficult to investigate due to the vast number of combinations of both the biological systems and the variety of possible liquids. Here, we provide a computational study aimed at understanding the interaction of a special class of biocompatible ionic liquids (choline-aminoate) with two model biological systems: an oligopeptide and an oligonucleotide.

Innovative Phospholipid Carriers: A Viable Strategy to Counteract Antimicrobial Resistance.

The overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria strains, usually associated with poorer patient outcomes and higher costs. In order to preserve the usefulness of these life-saving drugs, it is crucial to use them appropriately, as also recommended by the WHO. Moreover, innovative, safe, and more effective approaches are being investigated, aiming to revise drug treatments to improve their pharmacokinetics and distribution and to reduce the onset of drug resistance.

Electrical and Mechanical Characterisation of Poly(ethylene)oxide-Polysulfone Blend for Composite Structural Lithium Batteries.

In this work, a blend of PEO, polysulfone (PSF), and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSi) was prepared at different PEO-PSf weight ratios (70-30, 80-20, and 90-10) and ethylene oxide to lithium (EO/Li) ratios (16/1, 20/1, 30/1, and 50/1). The samples were characterised using FT-IR, DSC, and XRD. Young's modulus and tensile strength were evaluated at room temperature with micro-tensile testing.

Ethyl Protocatechuate Encapsulation in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Assessment of Pharmacotechnical Parameters and Preliminary In Vitro Evaluation for Colorectal Cancer Treatment.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most diffused tumoral diseases. Since most medicaments employed for its treatment are debilitating, the use of naturally derived products, which can be effective against the mutated cells and, in addition, can reduce most inflammatory-related effects, could be extremely beneficial for the continued treatment of this disease. In this research, ethyl protocatechuate (PCAEE), a protocatechuic acid prodrug, was encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) (prepared without and with Tween 80), which were characterized in terms of size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and thermotropic behavior.

Development of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Dry Powder: Characterization and Formulation Considerations.

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are lipid-based colloidal systems used for the delivery of active compounds. Although SLNs have many benefits, they show important issues due to physical and chemical instability phenomena during storage. For these reasons, it is highly desirable to have a dried SLN formulation available.

A Thermodynamic Study on the Interaction between RH-23 Peptide and DMPC-Based Biomembrane Models.

Investigation of the interaction between drugs and biomembrane models, as a strategy to study and eventually improve drug/substrate interactions, is a crucial factor in preliminary screening. Synthesized peptides represent a source of potential anticancer and theragnostic drugs. In this study, we investigated the interaction of a novel synthesized peptide, called RH-23, with a simplified dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) model of the cellular membrane.

Interaction of Lipophilic Cytarabine Derivatives with Biomembrane Model at the Air/Water Interface.

Cell membrane models are useful for obtaining molecular-level information on the interaction of biologically active molecules whose activity is believed to depend also on their effects on the membrane. Cytarabine was conjugated with fatty acids to improve the drug lipophilicity and the interaction with the biomembrane model. Cytarabine was conjugated with fatty acids of different lengths to form the trimyristoyl cytarabine and the tristearoyl cytarabine derivatives.

Benzo[k,l]xanthene Lignan-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical Application: A Preliminary Study.

Skin is the first human barrier that is daily exposed to a broad spectrum of physical and chemical agents, which can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lead to the formation of topical disorders. Antioxidant molecules, such as benzo[k,l]xanthene lignans (BXL), are ideal candidates to eliminate or minimize the effects of ROS. Herein, we aimed to formulate BXL-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN-BXL) to improve the bioavailability and interaction with the skin, and also to investigate the protective impact against intracellular ROS generation in HFF-1 in comparison with the drug-free situation.

Great Abilities of Strain from a Landfarming Soil for Crude Oil Degradation and a Synergy Model for Alginate-Bead-Entrapped Consortium Efficiency.

Oil contamination is of great concern worldwide and needs to be properly addressed. The present work aimed to contribute to the development of bacterial consortia for oil recovery. We investigated the community structure of a landfarming-treated soil (LF2) by metagenomics to unravel the presence of hydrocarbon degraders.

The role of hypochlorous acid in the management of eye infections: a case series.

Experiences from clinical practice suggest that hypochlorous acid (HOCl) used as adjuvant treatment can shorten the time to clinical resolution of blepharitis, particularly in relation to the ophthalmic complications that often occur with a blepharitis diagnosis. In addition, in clinical practice, HOCl adjuvant treatment also resulted in a viable option for the management of ophthalmic disorders other than blepharitis. This case series presents and discusses real-life experiences with using an HOCl ophthalmic spray to manage eye infections, further characterizing the use of HOCl for ophthalmic applications.

A Computational Analysis of the Reaction of SO with Amino Acid Anions: Implications for Its Chemisorption in Biobased Ionic Liquids.

We report a series of calculations to elucidate one possible mechanism of SO chemisorption in amino acid-based ionic liquids. Such systems have been successfully exploited as CO absorbents and, since SO is also a by-product of fossil fuels' combustion, their ability in capturing SO has been assessed by recent experiments. This work is exclusively focused on evaluating the efficiency of the chemical trapping of SO by analyzing its reaction with the amino group of the amino acid.

Fiber-Coupled Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy System for Methane and Ethane Monitoring in the Near-Infrared Spectral Range.

We report on a fiber-coupled, quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) near-IR sensor for sequential detection of methane (CH or C1) and ethane (CH or C2) in air. With the aim of developing a lightweight, compact, low-power-consumption sensor suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-empowered environmental monitoring, an all-fiber configuration was designed and realized. Two laser diodes emitting at 1653.

Light-induced thermo-elastic effect in quartz tuning forks exploited as a photodetector in gas absorption spectroscopy.

We report on a study of light-induced thermo-elastic effects occurring in quartz tuning forks (QTFs) when exploited as near-infrared light detectors in a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy sensor setup. Our analysis showed that when the residual laser beam transmitted by the absorption cell is focused on the QTF surface area where the maximum strain field occurs, the QTF signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is proportional to the strain itself and to the QTF accumulation time. The SNR was also evaluated when the pressure surrounding the QTF was lowered from 700 Torr to 5 Torr, resulting in an enhancement factor of ∽4 at the lowest pressure.