Trimodality Therapy Versus Radical Cystectomy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Matched Cohort Studies.

Background And Objective: Radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). It is highly invasive and associated with perioperative risks, while bladder-preserving trimodality therapy (TMT) offers a less invasive alternative with preferable quality of life for selected patients. We aimed to compare oncological outcomes of TMT and RC in MIBC patients, and evaluate TMT-specific outcomes.

Central Nervous System Toxicity in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Network Meta-analysis.

Background: Androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) significantly improve survival in systemic therapy for advanced/metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) patients; however possible central nervous system (CNS) toxicity is an unaddressed concern. We aimed to assess and compare the incidence of CNS-related adverse events (AEs) secondary to the treatment of PCa patients with different ARSIs.

Materials: In August 2023, a comprehensive seach was conducted in three databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PCa patients receiving ARSIs plus ADT.

Oncological Outcomes of Active Surveillance versus Surgery or Ablation for Patients with Small Renal Masses: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis.

Background And Objective: While active surveillance (AS) is an alternative to surgical interventions in patients with small renal masses (SRMs), evidence regarding its oncological efficacy is still debated. We aimed to evaluate oncological outcomes for patients with SRMs who underwent AS in comparison to surgical interventions.

Methods: In April 2024, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were queried for comparative studies evaluating AS in patients with SRMs (PROSPERO: CRD42024530299).

Molecular Correlates of Prostate Cancer Visibility on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review.

Background And Objective: Although prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to diagnose and stage prostate cancer (PCa), the biologic and clinical significance of MRI visibility of the disease is unclear. Our aim was to examine the existing knowledge regarding the molecular correlates of MRI visibility of PCa.

Methods: The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were queried through November 2023.

The efficacy of adjuvant mitotane therapy and radiotherapy following adrenalectomy in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a high recurrence rate after surgical therapy with curative intent. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and mitotane therapy have been proposed as options following the adrenalectomy. However, the efficacy of adjuvant RT or mitotane therapy remains controversial.

Salvage therapies for biochemical recurrence after definitive local treatment: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis.

Purpose: Recent advancements in the management of biochemical recurrence (BCR) following local treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), including the use of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs), have broadened the spectrum of therapeutic options. We aimed to compare salvage therapies in patients with BCR after definitive local treatment for clinically non-metastatic PCa with curative intent.

Methods: In October 2023, we queried PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective studies reporting data on the efficacy of salvage therapies in PCa patients with BCR after radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation therapy (RT).

Epirubicin and Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Intravesical chemotherapy is the standard of care in intermediate-risk non-muscleinvasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Different agents are used across the world based on availability, cost, and practice patterns. Epirubicin (EPI), one of these agents, has been used by many centers over many decades.

Clinical Validation of the Intermediate-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Scoring System and Substratification Model Proposed by the International Bladder Cancer Group: A Multicenter Young Academic Urologists Urothelial Working Group Collaboration.

Background And Objective: Intermediate-risk (IR) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) encompasses a broad spectrum of disease, with heterogeneous outcomes in terms of disease recurrence and progression. The International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG) recently proposed an updated scoring model for IR substratification that is based on five key risk factors. Our aim was to provide a clinical validation of the IBCG scoring system and substratification model for IR NMIBC.

Infection risk reduction with povidone-iodine rectal disinfection prior to transrectal prostate biopsy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To prevent infectious complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-PB), some studies have investigated the efficacy of rectal disinfection using povidone-iodine (PI) and antibiotic prophylaxis (AP).

Objective: To summarize available data and compare the efficacy of rectal disinfection using PI with non-PI methods prior to TRUS-PB.

Evidence Acquisition: Three databases were queried through November 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) analyzing patients who underwent TRUS-PB.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Impact of Local Therapies on Local Event Suppression in Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer.

Context: It remains unclear to what extent the therapy of the primary local tumor, such as radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT), improves overall survival in patients with low-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). However, data suggest a benefit of these therapies in preventing local events secondary to local tumor progression.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of adding local therapy (RP or RT) to systemic therapies, including androgen deprivation therapy, docetaxel, and/or androgen receptor axis-targeted agents, in preventing local events in mHSPC patients compared with systemic therapy alone (ie, without RT of the prostate or RP).

Preoperative Age and Its Impact on Long-Term Renal Functional Decline after Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy: Insights from a Tertiary Referral Center.

: to investigate the impact of age on renal function deterioration after robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) focusing on a decline to moderate and severe forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). : This is a single center prospective analysis of patients who underwent RAPN. The outcomes include the development of de novo CKD-S 3a [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.

Addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to a 'quadrifecta' composite in radical cystectomy.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of incorporating neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) into the 'quadrifecta' outcomes composite for reporting outcomes of radical cystectomy (RC) creating a pentafecta score.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective multicentre analysis of patients treated with RC, with or without NAC, for bladder cancer between 2002 and 2023. The primary outcome was the effect of adding NAC to a quadrifecta outcomes composite on cancer-specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS).

A Comparative Evaluation of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Micro-Ultrasound for the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Patients with Prior Negative Biopsies.

Background: The diagnostic process for prostate cancer after a negative biopsy is challenging. This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of micro-ultrasound (mUS) with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for such cases.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed, targeting men with previous negative biopsies and using mUS and mpMRI to detect prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

The role of the general practictioner in the management of urinary calculi.

Background: The prevalence of kidney stones tends to increase worldwide due to dietary and climate changes. Disease management involves a high consumption of healthcare system resources which can be reduced with primary prevention measures and prophylaxis of recurrences. In this field, collaboration between general practitioners (GPs) and hospitals is crucial.

Clinical and pathological predictors of persistent T1 HG at second resection.

Background: T1 high-grade (HG) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has a significant risk of recurrence and progression, and the European Association of Urology recommends a second transurethral resection of the bladder (ReTUR). Stage at ReTUR has been shown to be a reliable predictor of survival, therefore, we sought to assess clinical and pathological predictors associated with the persistence of T1 at ReTUR in our retrospective multicentric cohort.

Methods: This is a retrospective multicentric study of T1 HG patients at transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) who underwent subsequent ReTUR.

Evaluating the Protective Effect of Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin against SARS-CoV-2 in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients: A Multicenter Observational Trial.

We aim to evaluate the potential protective role of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Patients treated with intravesical adjuvant therapy for NMIBC between January 2018 and December 2019 at two Italian referral centers were divided into two groups based on the received intravesical treatment regimen (BCG vs. chemotherapy).