Human Footprint and Forest Disturbance Reduce Space Use of Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) Across Europe.

Three-quarters of the planet's land surface has been altered by humans, with consequences for animal ecology, movements and related ecosystem functioning. Species often occupy wide geographical ranges with contrasting human disturbance and environmental conditions, yet, limited data availability across species' ranges has constrained our understanding of how human pressure and resource availability jointly shape intraspecific variation of animal space use. Leveraging a unique dataset of 758 annual GPS movement trajectories from 375 brown bears (Ursus arctos) across the species' range in Europe, we investigated the effects of human pressure (i.

The Effect of the Wild Boar Hunting System on Agricultural Damages: The North-East of Italy as a Case Scenario.

Hunting is a method commonly used in several European countries to reduce crop damages by wild boar . However, results are still controversial and poorly treated. Using data on official claims (i.

The Return of Large Carnivores and Extensive Farming Systems: A Review of Stakeholders' Perception at an EU Level.

Conflicts between large carnivores and human activities undermine both the maintenance of livestock practices as well as the conservation of carnivores across Europe. Because large carnivore management is driven by a common EU policy, the purpose of this research was to assess stakeholders' perception towards bears and wolves at an EU level. We conducted a systematic search and subsequent analysis of 40 peer-reviewed studies collected from 1990 to September 2020 within Member States of the EU.

Social context modulates digestive efficiency in greylag geese (Anser anser).

In group-living animals, social context is known to modulate physiology, behaviour and reproductive output as well as foraging and nutritional strategies. Here we investigate the digestive efficiency of 38 individuals belonging to different social categories of a semi-feral and individually marked flock of greylag geese (Anser anser). During 9 consecutive days in winter 2017, when the ground was fully covered with snow (i.

Enhanced Glaucoma Staging System (GSS 2) for classifying functional damage in glaucoma.

Purpose: To introduce a new method, derived from the Glaucoma Staging System (GSS), for classifying glaucomatous visual field defects.

Patients And Methods: Four sample groups composed respectively of 471 (sample #1), 128 (sample #2), 185 (sample #3), and 131 (sample #4) patients with either ocular hypertension or chronic glaucoma were considered. The GSS 2 uses both the MD and CPSD/CLV or PSD/LV perimetric indices to classify visual field defect in 6 stages and in 3 types (generalized, localized, and mixed).

Lens epithelial cell reaction after implantation of different intraocular lens materials: two-year results of a randomized prospective trial.

Purpose: To determine the influence of intraocular lens (IOL) material on anterior capsular opacification and membrane growth over the anterior IOL surface in patients who have undergone standardized small-incision cataract surgery and foldable IOL implantation in the capsular bag.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Participants: Eighty-eight cataract patients (88 eyes).