Pulmonary Artery Pressure Ventricularization in a Patient With Carcinoid Heart Disease.

Ventricularization of the pulmonary artery pressure curve is shown, characterized by a steep diastolic pressure fall with mid-diastolic pressure equalization with the right ventricle, which was caused by severe pulmonary valvular regurgitation in a patient with carcinoid heart syndrome. ().

Quantification of Multiple Mitral Regurgitant Jets: An In Vitro Validation Study Comparing Two- and Three-Dimensional Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Methods.

Background: The accuracy of the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method for the quantification of mitral regurgitation (MR), in the case of multiple jets, is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate different two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) PISA methods using 3D color Doppler data sets.

Methods: Several regurgitant volumes (Rvols) were simulated using a pulsatile pump connected to a phantom equipped with single and double regurgitant orifices of different sizes and interspaces.

Determinants of prognostically relevant intracoronary electrocardiogram ST-segment shift during coronary balloon occlusion.

The prognostic relevance of quantitative an intracoronary occlusive electrocardiographic (ECG) ST-segment shift and its determinants have not been investigated in humans. In 765 patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease, the following simultaneous quantitative measurements were obtained during a 1-minute coronary balloon occlusion: intracoronary ECG ST-segment shift (recorded by angioplasty guidewire), mean aortic pressure, mean distal coronary pressure, and mean central venous pressure (CVP). Collateral flow index (CFI) was calculated as follows: (mean distal coronary pressure minus CVP)/(mean aortic pressure minus CVP).