What's the effectiveness of stocking actions in small creeks? The role of water discharge behind hatchery trout downstream movement.

Fish stocking to enhance freshwater fisheries or to improve the conservation status of endangered fish species is a common practice in many countries. Little is known, however, of the effectiveness of these practices in spite of the high efforts and investments required. The movement of subadult/adult hatchery-released brown trout L.

Fish communities in Italian sub-alpine lakes: Non-native species and anthropogenic pressures increase community dissimilarities.

In European lakes, anthropogenic pressures have increased significantly since the 1950s, facilitating colonisation by non-native species and increasing the potential for further invasions. Here, we determined the effects of anthropogenic pressures (i.e.