Zwitterionic near infrared fluorescent agents for noninvasive real-time transcutaneous assessment of kidney function.

We developed novel zwitterionic near infrared (NIR) fluorescent agents (ABZWCY-HPβCD and AAZWCY-HPβCD), which exhibit favorable hydrophilicity, low plasma protein binding, high stability and non-toxicity. These attractive characteristics ensure that they are excreted rapidly, without any skin accumulation or metabolism . More importantly, zwitterionic HPβCD based agents can be efficiently filtrated by the glomerulus and completely excreted through the kidneys into urine without reabsorption or secretion in the kidney proximal tubule.

Fluorescently Labeled Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Exogenous Markers for Real-Time Transcutaneous Measurement of Renal Function.

Evaluation of renal function is crucial for a number of clinical situations. Here, we reported a novel exogenous fluorescent marker (FITC-HPβCD) to real-time assess renal function by using a transcutaneous fluorescent detection technique. FITC-HPβCD was designed based on the principle of renal clearance of designed drugs.

Filtration markers and determination methods for the assessment of kidney function.

Estimation of renal function is crucial for a number of clinical situations. Endogenous markers such as creatinine, as well as several exogenous agents including inulin, Tc-DTPA and iothalamate are used for evaluation of kidney function. At present, new generation filtration markers and determination methods based on organic fluorescent dyes and fluorescent detection technique are developed.

Transcutaneous Assessment of Renal Function in Conscious Rodents.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard to assess overall kidney function. However, traditional methods to evaluate GFR are cumbersome and time-consuming. In addition, serial blood or urine samples are required, with the associated stress for the experimental animals.

Dynamics of hippocampal acetylcholine release during lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats.

The lithium-pilocarpine model is a rat model of epilepsy that mimics status epilepticus in humans. Here, we report changes of acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus before, during and after status epilepticus as monitored by microdialysis in unanesthetized rats. Administration of pilocarpine (30 mg/kg s.

Transcutaneous assessment of glomerular filtration rate.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered the best parameter for the assessment of renal function, being usually determined on the basis of urine or plasma clearance of exogenous renal markers. The common methodology is invasive, time consuming and cumbersome, with multiple blood and/or urine sampling and following laboratory assays required. The method detailed here allows to transcutaneously determine the renal function in awake animals, in a non-invasive and efficient manner by using an electronic device which detects the fluorescence emitted through the skin from the renal marker FITC-Sinistrin.