Design propositions for nudging in healthcare: Adoption of national electronic health record systems.

Objectives: Electronic health records (EHRs) are considered important for improving efficiency and reducing costs of a healthcare system. However, the adoption of EHR systems differs among countries and so does the way the decision to participate in EHRs is presented. Nudging is a concept that deals with influencing human behaviour within the research stream of behavioural economics.

Mitigation of climate change in health care: A survey for the evaluation of providers' attitudes and knowledge, and their view on their organization's readiness for change.

Background: Climate change is the 21 century's greatest threat to health. Anaesthesia is responsible for high levels of waste production, significant greenhouse gas emissions and extensive energy consumption. Our aim was to design an instrument to assess attitudes and knowledge among anaesthetists as well as their organisation's readiness for change regarding climate action.

Measuring mesiodistal width of impacted maxillary canines: CT-assisted determination.

Aim: Precise, three-dimensional localization of impacted maxillary canines is central to their clinical management. Predicting precisely the crown's mesiodistal width is paramount in planning orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to verify the exact mesiodistal width of impacted canines via MSCT (multislice spiral computed tomography) examinations.

Profile changes following maxillary impaction and autorotation of the mandible.

Objective: The aim of this study was the evaluation and prediction of profile changes after Le Fort I osteotomy including maxillary impaction and subsequent autorotation of the mandible.

Materials And Methods: A group of 42 patients (32 female, 10 male) underwent a Le Fort I osteotomy with posterior impaction after preoperative orthodontic treatment. No surgical intervention in the mandible was performed.

Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: midfacial and cranial stress distribution.

Introduction: Our aim in this study was to investigate the stresses in the midface and at the cranial base during surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion, to determine whether surgically assisted separation of the maxilla from the cranial base can be considered justified and necessary.

Methods: By using finite element models, surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion with or without separation of the pterygomaxillary junction was simulated, and the stresses at various points in the midface and the cranial base were analyzed. The finite element models consisted of more than 50,000 individual elements and almost 100,000 nodes.

Rapid maxillary expansion in adults: cranial stress reduction depending on the extent of surgery.

The objective of this study on surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (RME) was to examine the extent of stress reduction in the midface and the cranial base with various surgical procedures. Four finite element models of the skull were generated (one without and three with different surgical incisions), in which a virtual RME (5 mm gap width) was simulated. In all four simulations, von-Mises stresses were measured at 30 anatomical structures of the midface and cranial base (in MPa) and compared.

Inter-individual variability of the facial morphology during conscious smiling.

Introduction: Since many simulation and animation procedures for mimicry are based on averaged values and do not take into account an individual's situation, the goal of this study was to investigate the intra- and inter-individual variability of conscious smiling.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-three surface points were marked on the faces of 31 adult test individuals. Six photographs of each subject's face were then taken under standardized conditions, one with a neutral facial expression and five while the individual was asked to smile (conscious smile "on command").

Cone-beam computed tomography in orthodontics: benefits and limitations.

Introduction: In order to obtain an overlay-free assessment of dental structures for resorption and ankylosis diagnostics, conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) is being employed more and more often in orthodontics alongside dental CT.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the quality and accuracy of CBCT in the imaging of dental structures and to compare it with the imaging quality produced by dental CT. Moreover, we intended to assess the specific advantages and disadvantages of CBCT in clinical use.

Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of dental composite materials.

Mutagenicity of single compounds of dental resinous materials has been investigated on many occasions before, but the induction of mutagenic effects by extracts of clinically used composites is still unknown. Here, cytotoxic effects and the formation of micronuclei were determined in V79 fibroblasts after exposure to extracts of modern composite filling materials (Solitaire, Solitaire 2, Tetric Ceram, Dyract AP, Definite). For cytotoxicity testing, test specimens were aged for various time periods (0, 24, and 168 h), and V79 cells were then exposed to dilutions of the original extracts for 24, 48, and 72 h.