Revamping Undergraduate Radiology Education in a Problem-Based Learning Driven Institution: Successes, Challenges, and Lessons Learned.

Radiology teaching for undergraduate medical students is often limited in amount and lacking a longitudinal approach spanning multiple years. At our institution, we had a goal to develop a formal and sustainable radiology curriculum. There were sequential changes made to the curriculum over several years and here, the successes, challenges, and lessons learned are outlined.

One-week radiology boot camp for pre-clerkship medical students: A novel format improving image interpretation and confidence.

Rationale And Objectives: To measure change in radiology knowledge, confidence in radiology skills, and perceptions pertaining to radiology following a one-week boot camp elective for undergraduate medical students.

Materials And Methods: A five-day comprehensive radiology boot camp was developed including sessions on image interpretation, procedural skills, and appropriate image ordering. A multiple-choice quiz was administered before and after the elective, utilizing radiology questions from the validated AMSER STARS database.

Percutaneous decannulation of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using the Manta vascular closure device: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the techniques and outcomes associated with percutaneous decannulation of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) using the Manta vascular closure device.

Background: Peripheral VA-ECMO can be used to treat critically ill patients with conditions such as refractory cardiogenic shock. After percutaneous implantation of VA-ECMO, VA-ECMO can also be decannulated completely percutaneously by using a vascular closure device.

Isopropyl alcohol inhalation for the treatment of nausea in adult emergency department patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Nausea and vomiting is a common ED chief complaint. However, randomised trials comparing antiemetic agents to placebo have not demonstrated superiority. This systematic review investigates the efficacy of inhaled isopropyl alcohol (IPA) compared with usual care or placebo in adults presenting to the ED with nausea and vomiting.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) regional nodal disease at standard lymphadenectomy: is MRI accurate for identifying node-positive patients?

Objective: To determine the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative MRI features for the diagnosis of pathologic regional lymph nodes at standard lymphadenectomy in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: All adult patients with pancreatic MRI performed from 2011 to 2021 within 3 months of a pancreaticoduodenectomy were eligible for inclusion in this single-center retrospective cohort study. Regional nodes at standard lymphadenectomy were independently reviewed by two fellowship-trained abdominal radiologists for the following qualitative features: heterogeneous T2 signal, round shape, indistinct margin, peri-nodal fat stranding, and restricted diffusion greater than the spleen.

The Effect of Obesity on Outcomes After Arteriovenous Fistulae Creation: A Systematic Review.

Background: Establishing reliable vascular access is critical for hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In recent years, the global health burden of ESRD has grown, matched by a rise in prevalence of obesity. Currently, more and more arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) are being created for obese patients with ESRD.

Reversed diastolic flow in a renal transplant due to ureteric obstruction from intraluminal blood clot.

Reversal of arterial diastolic flow is commonly considered a sign of transplant renal vein thrombosis until proven otherwise, with the differential including acute rejection, acute tubular necrosis, and perirenal hematoma. We discuss a case of a patient who presented with decreased urine output on the second postoperative day following living unrelated kidney transplantation. Doppler ultrasound was performed and demonstrated reversal of diastolic flow in the transplant renal artery.

Which Aspects of the CanMEDS Competencies are Most Valued in Radiologists? Perspectives of Trainees From Other Specialties.

Purpose: Radiologists work primarily in collaboration with other healthcare professionals. As such, these stakeholder perspectives are of value to the development and assessment of educational outcomes during the transition to competency-based medical education. Our aim in this study was to determine which aspects of the Royal College CanMEDS competencies for diagnostic radiology are considered most important by future referring physicians.

MRI LI-RADS Version 2018: Impact of and Reduction in Ancillary Features.

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of LI-RADS ancillary features on MRI and to ascertain whether the number of ancillary features can be reduced without compromising LI-RADS accuracy. A total of 222 liver observations in 81 consecutive patients were identified on MRI between August 2013 and December 2018. The presence or absence of major and ancillary features was used to determine the LI-RADS category for LR-1 to LR-5 observations.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma: A report of three cases.

Infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a challenging imaging diagnosis due to its ill-defined appearance and variable enhancement, which may be difficult to distinguish from background changes from cirrhosis. The literature on the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of infiltrative HCC is currently limited. CEUS has greater sensitivity for contrast enhancement due to its temporal resolution, and can be used when there is contraindication to CT or MRI contrast.

Pyogenic hepatic abscesses secondary to choledocholithiasis eight years post-cholecystectomy: A case report.

Cholecystectomy is the gold standard surgical treatment for acute calculous cholecystitis. Only approximately 0.4 % of these patients subsequently develop choledocholithiasis.

Resident Physicians' Perceptions of Diagnostic Radiology and the Declining Interest in the Specialty.

Rationale And Objectives: The relative competitiveness of radiology and the number of first-choice applicants to diagnostic radiology have steadily declined over the past decade. The purpose of this study was to identify factors contributing to the declining interest in diagnostic radiology as a career and to explore factors affecting specialty choice.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective survey was distributed to resident physicians at a single academic center between July and August 2017.

Pseudoembryo associated with pseudogestational sac: A novel sonographic finding in ectopic pregnancy.

In this case report, we present a case of a hitherto undescribed "pseudoembryo" appearance in a fluid-filled endometrial cavity in ectopic pregnancy. Knowledge of this sonographic finding is clinically important, since the presence of a "pseudoembryo" could lead to the misidentification of a pseudogestational sac as an intrauterine pregnancy in the setting of ectopic pregnancy. This paper discuss reviews the pseudogestational sac and imaging findings which differentiate it from a true intrauterine gestation.

Incidentally detected total agenesis of the falx cerebri: Potential significance of this rare finding.

Absence of the falx cerebri is a rare radiological finding, which is generally described in relation with varying degrees of holoprosencephaly or other structural central nervous system anomalies. We present a case of non-syndromic, asymptomatic absence of falx cerebri in an elderly patient, which was discovered incidentally on a computed tomography examination of the head. The superior sagittal sinus was narrowed, but present.

Cecal fecaloma: A rare cause of right lower quadrant pain.

Fecalomas are masses of hardened feces that become impacted and accumulate. They are much harder in consistency than fecal impaction due to the associated coprostasis and are typically found in the sigmoid colon or rectum. Cecal fecalomas are much rarer.

Differentiation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from pancreas renal cell carcinoma metastases on CT using qualitative and quantitative features.

Purpose: To assess qualitative and quantitative imaging features on enhanced CT that may differentiate pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) from pancreatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastases.

Methods: This IRB-approved multi-center retrospective case-control study compared 43 resected PNETs and 28 resected RCC metastases with pre-operative enhanced CT identified consecutively between 2003 and 2017. Two blinded radiologists (R1/R2) independently assessed tumor location, attenuation (relative to pancreas), composition (solid/cystic/mixed), homogeneity (homogeneous/heterogeneous), calcification, multiplicity, and for main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilation.

Women in Radiology: Exploring the Gender Disparity.

Purpose: In 2015, only 1.5% of female Canadian medical students pursued radiology as a specialty, versus 5.6% of men.

The next generation HydroCoil: initial clinical experience with the HydroFill embolic coil.

Background: Complete packing of intracranial aneurysms has demonstrated a significant decrease in aneurysm recurrence rates with increased volumetric filling. The HydroCoil Embolization System (HES) was developed to increase volumetric filling within the aneurysm sac to maintain long term occlusion. To further enhance ease of HES deployment, a new next generation embolic coil, the HydroFill coil, was developed.

Extraspinal findings at lumbar spine CT examinations: prevalence and clinical importance.

Purpose: To prospectively determine the prevalence and clinical importance of extraspinal abnormalities in adult outpatients undergoing computed tomography (CT) of the lumbar spine.

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained for this prospective study. Informed consent was obtained from 400 consecutive adult outpatients (mean age, 49 years; 212 male and 188 female patients) undergoing lumbar spine CT for low back pain and/or radiculopathy.