A reappraisal of nitrogen requirements for patients with critical illness and trauma.

Background: Studies regarding protein requirements for patients with critical illness are inconclusive owing to small sample size and population heterogeneity. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the amount of protein required to achieve nitrogen equilibrium or a positive nitrogen balance (NB, -4 g/d or better) and ascertain whether patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) exhibit greater protein catabolism than those without TBI.

Methods: Adult patients admitted to the trauma center, given specialized nutrition support, and had an NB determination within 5 days to 14 days after injury were evaluated.