Identification of Important Factors When Measuring School Climate: Latent Construct Validation and Exploration.

Background: Researchers regularly must decide what information is necessary to understand school climate and how to include climate in a study. For example, which factors and/or scales should be used, is using just 1 scale for school climate sufficient, and to what extent does the selection of a single scale influence the research findings?

Aims: Understanding what factors to consider and which available scales to review will assist those interested in measuring school climate.

Methods: This study explores 8 validated scales related to school climate.

Mechanisms of Influence on Youth Substance Use for a Social-Emotional and Character Development Program: A Theory-Based Approach.

The Theory of Triadic Influence (TTI) provides a comprehensive framework for understanding adolescent substance use. We examined mechanisms by which a TTI-guided social-emotional and character development program, (), influences adolescent substance use. Study data come from the -Chicago, longitudinal matched-pairs cluster-randomized control trial.