Herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis can trigger anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: case report.

Relapsing symptoms post herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV) encephalitis (HSVE) usually occur a few weeks after viral therapy and represent either 1) a true viral relapse of HSVE (CSF PCR positive for HSV, new necrotic lesions on brain MRI, and response to acyclovir therapy) or 2) a disorder postulated to be immune-mediated (CSF negative for HSV, no new necrotic lesions, and no response to acyclovir). It has been suggested that this immune-mediated disorder may be related to NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antibodies, and we recently reported a child in whom relapsing symptoms post HSVE were the presentation of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We report an adult with this disorder, demonstrate that synthesis of NMDAR antibodies began after HSVE, and show that relapsing symptoms were due to steroid-responsive anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Predictors of periprocedural brain lesions associated with carotid stenting.

Background: Carotid stenting carries a risk of periprocedural stroke. We aimed at determining predictors of cerebral ischemic events associated with stenting for symptomatic carotid stenosis.

Methods: 127 patients who had been studied by diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) before and on the day after carotid stenting were included.

Carotid plaque surface irregularity predicts cerebral embolism during carotid artery stenting.

Background And Purpose: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is associated with the risk of periprocedural embolic events. The procedural risk may vary with plaque characteristics. We aimed at determining the impact of carotid plaque surface irregularity on the risk of cerebral embolism during CAS.

Older age and greater carotid intima-media thickness predict ischemic events associated with carotid-artery stenting.

Background: Carotid-artery stenting (CAS) may be complicated by stroke. We aimed to determine predictors of procedure-related ischemic events.

Methods: We analyzed new ischemic lesions in diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) after CAS in 147 patients with symptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis.

Cerebral embolism during carotid artery stenting: role of carotid plaque echolucency.

Background: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is associated with the risk of intraprocedural stroke. A better understanding of specific risk factors could help to improve the procedure and to reduce the overall risk of CAS. We addressed the role of carotid plaque echolucency as potential risk factor for cerebral embolism during CAS.