Milder winters would alter patterns of freezing damage for epiphytic lichens from the trans-Himalayas.

Trans-Himalayan winters are projected to become milder, with shifting precipitation patterns and freeze-thaw cycles; changing stressors for their lichen communities. Lichens from Antarctica and high latitudes are cryoresistant when dry, but susceptible to cell damage if frozen when wet, or subjected to repeated freeze-thaw events. Little is known regarding cryoresistance in high-elevation, mid-latitude lichens.

Seedling survival after simulating grazing and drought for two species from the Pamirs, northwestern China.

For plant populations to persist, seedling recruitment is essential, requiring seed germination, seedling survival and growth. Drought and grazing potentially reduce seedling recruitment via increased mortality and reduced growth. We studied these seed-related processes for two species indigenous to the Pamir Mountains of Xinjiang in northwestern China: and Seeds collected from Taxkorgan, Xinjiang, had a viability rate of 15.

Phosphorus mitigation remains critical in water protection: A review and meta-analysis from one of China's most eutrophicated lakes.

The processes of urbanization and industrialization within geological phosphorus-rich mountains (GPMn) have resulted in water degradation within southwest China. Lake Dianchi, one of the most eutrophicated lakes in China, has epitomized this issue. Clear understandings of phosphorus (P) mitigation efforts, the evolution of P budgets, and possible risks in the Dianchi system will benefit future eutrophication control, providing valuable lessons for other plateau freshwater lakes.

Assessment of Indirect NO Emission Factors from Agricultural River Networks Based on Long-Term Study at High Temporal Resolution.

Assessment of indirect emission factors (EF) of nitrous oxide (NO) from agricultural river networks remains challenging, and results are uncertain due to limited data availability. This study compared two methods of assessing EF using data from long-term observations at high temporal resolution in a typical agricultural catchment in subtropical central China. The concentration method (method 1) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 method (method 2) were employed to evaluate the emission factor.

Collaborative use of the peer assist model in large transplant programs in the United States.

Context: The basic assumption of the peer assist model is that nearly every transplant center is already doing something that other centers could adopt in order to streamline or enhance their own operations.

Objective: To describe how the Transplant Growth and Management Collaborative used the peer assist model with 2 large transplant centers in the United States and to identify best practices and outcomes.

Setting: The University of California, San Francisco, Medical Center.

N(2)O concentration and isotope signature along profiles provide deeper insight into the fate of N(2)O in soils.

Nitrous oxide is an important greenhouse gas and its origin and fate are thus of broad interest. Most studies on emissions of nitrous oxide from soils focused on fluxes between soil and atmosphere and hence represent an integration of physical and biological processes at different depths of a soil profile. Analysis of N(2)O concentration and isotope signature along soil profiles was suggested to improve the localisation of sources and sinks in soils as well as underlying processes and could therefore extend our knowledge on processes affecting surface N(2)O fluxes.