Extrication Times During Avalanche Companion Rescue: A Randomized Single-Blinded Manikin Study.

This study aimed to determine the time needed for one or two companion rescuers to access, extricate, and deliver cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a fully buried manikin during a simulated avalanche burial scenario. In this randomized, single-blinded study, 18 medical students were required to extricate a manikin manually from a simulated avalanche burial of 1 m in depth, either alone or in teams of two. Each participant performed three consecutive tests with the manikin in three different positions in random order.

Does intra-articular load distribution change after lateral malleolar fractures? An in vivo study comparing operative and non-operative treatment.

Purpose: The impact of isolated malleolar fractures on the intra-articular load distribution within the ankle joint has been studied in several biomechanical cadaver studies during the last decades. Recently, computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM) has been proposed as a valuable tool to assess intra-articular joint load distribution in vivo. The purpose of this retrospective matched pair analysis was to apply CT-OAM to evaluate in vivo changes of talar load distribution after lateral malleolar fractures in patients treated with open anatomic reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) compared to patients treated non-operatively.

Restoring independency with an osteochondral graft of the navicular for coronoid process reconstruction.

Introduction: The coronoid is a crucial element for elbow stability. In case of posttraumatic instability or reduced range of motion, a complex reconstruction might be necessary.

Case: We present the case of a polytraumatized patient with complex upper extremity injury and initial poor outcome.

Primary stiffness of a modified transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion cage with integrated screw fixation: cadaveric biomechanical study.

Study Design: In vitro biomechanical study using human fresh-frozen vertebrae.

Objective: To investigate the influence of the additional screw fixation on the stability of a noncommercially available prototype transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) cage, when used as a stand-alone fusion device and in combination with pedicle screws (PSs).

Summary Of Background Data: Generally interbody fusion cages are supplemented by additional fixation devices such as PS.

The effect of delayed treatment on clinical and radiological effects of anterior wedge grafting for non-union of scaphoid fractures.

Introduction: The aim of the treatment of displaced scaphoid non-unions is the restoration of normal scaphoid anatomy. Restoration of normal scaphoid anatomy at an earlier stage might have functional benefits as maladaptive carpal ligament contractures and the development of preliminary osteoarthritis could be avoided. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine if late reconstruction (delayed reconstruction group) was as effective as early reconstruction (early reconstruction group) of scaphoid non-union in restoring clinical and radiological outcome.

A case of supracondylar humerus fracture with vascular impairment. Open it up?

Supracondylar humerus fracture is one of the most frequent fractures in childhood. A serious complication is an injury to the neurovascular structures which could potentially result in severe functional impairment. We are presenting the case of a 3-year-old girl with a supracondylar humerus fracture in our emergency department and highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic steps in managing this situation.

The effect of in situ augmentation on implant anchorage in proximal humeral head fractures.

Introduction: Fracture fixation in patients suffering from osteoporosis is difficult as sufficient implant anchorage is not always possible. One method to enhance implant anchorage is implant/screw augmentation with PMMA-cement. The present study investigated the feasibility of implant augmentation with PMMA-cement to enhance implant anchorage in the proximal humerus.

Biomechanical analysis of anterior stabilization techniques for different partial and total vertebral corpectomy defect models.

Introduction: Restoration of the anterior spinal profile and regular load-bearing are the main goals in treating anterior spinal defects in cases of fracture. In large vertebral defects, the use of vertebral body replacements (VBRs) is common. For isolated anterior operations, VBRs are usually combined with antero-lateral angular stable or polyaxial plates.

The biomechanical effects of a deepened articular cavity during dynamic motion of the wrist joint.

Background: A deepened articular cavity of the distal radius due to a metaphyseal comminution zone is associated with early osteoarthritis and reduced joint motion. As this deformity has not been investigated biomechanically, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a deepened articular cavity on contact biomechanics and motion range in a dynamic biomechanical setting.

Methods: Six fresh frozen cadaver forearms were tested in a force controlled test bench during dynamic flexion and extension and intact mean contact pressure and contact area as well as range of motion were evaluated.

Biomechanical evaluation of a posterior non-fusion instrumentation of the lumbar spine.

Purpose: Numerous posterior non-fusion systems have been developed within the past decade to resolve the disadvantages of rigid instrumentations and preserve spinal motion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a new dynamic stabilization device, to measure the screw anchorage after flexibility testing and compare it with data reported in the literature.

Methods: Six human lumbar spine motion segments (L2-5) were loaded in a spine tester with pure moments of 7.

Measurement of intraarticular wrist joint biomechanics with a force controlled system.

Pathologies of the wrist, such as fractures or instabilities, can lead to alterations in joint biomechanics. Accurate treatment of these pathologies is a frequent challenge for the surgeon. For biomechanical investigations, a test-setup that applies physiological loading of the wrist joint is necessary.

Biomechanical analysis of a new expandable vertebral body replacement combined with a new polyaxial antero-lateral plate and/or pedicle screws and rods.

Purpose: Restoration of the anterior spinal profile and regular load-bearing is the main goal treating anterior spinal defects in case of fracture. Over the past years, development and clinical usage of cages for vertebral body replacement have increased rapidly. For an enhanced stabilization of rotationally unstable fractures, additional antero-lateral implants are common.

Aspects of current management of distal radius fractures in the elderly individuals.

Diatal radius fractures (DRFs) are typical fractures of relatively fit persons with osteoporotic bone who remain active into older age. Traditionally, DRFs in older patients have been treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization. Considering the increasing life expectancy of the elderly population, appropriate management of these fractures is of growing importance.