Evaluating the accuracy and reliability of AI chatbots in disseminating the content of current resuscitation guidelines: a comparative analysis between the ERC 2021 guidelines and both ChatGPTs 3.5 and 4.

Aim Of The Study: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are established as tools for answering medical questions worldwide. Healthcare trainees are increasingly using this cutting-edge technology, although its reliability and accuracy in the context of healthcare remain uncertain. This study evaluated the suitability of Chat-GPT versions 3.

Online training to improve BLS performance with dispatcher assistance? Results of a cluster-randomised controlled simulation trial.

Background: The prognosis for patients improves significantly with effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by bystanders. Current research indicates that individuals who receive CPR from trained bystanders have a greater likelihood of survival compared to those who receive dispatcher-assisted CPR from untrained laypersons. This cluster-randomised controlled trial assessed the impact of a 30-min online training session prior to a simulated cardiac arrest situation with dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR) on enhancing Basic Life Support (BLS) performance.

Accumulation, Characterization and Reactivity of Chiral Ammonium-Carboxonium Dications in Superacid.

The accumulation of chiral ammonium-oxocarbenium dications in superacid is evidenced by low-temperature NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and confirmed by DFT calculations. Its potential for the diastereoselective remote hydrofunctionalization of non-activated alkene is also explored.

Exploring cardiac arrest in 'at-home' settings: Concepts derived from a qualitative interview study with layperson bystanders.

Background: Two thirds of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests (OHCAs) occur at the patient's home ('at-home-CA'), where bystander CPR (B-CPR) rates are significantly lower than in public locations. Knowledge about the circumstances of this specific setting has mainly been limited to quantitative data. To develop a more conceptual understanding of the circumstances and dynamics of 'at-home CA', we conducted a qualitative interview study.

Impact of Intraoperative Fluctuations of Cardiac Output on Cerebrovascular Autoregulation: An Integrative Secondary Analysis of Individual-level Data.

Background: Intraoperative impairment of cerebral autoregulation (CA) has been associated with perioperative neurocognitive disorders. We investigated whether intraoperative fluctuations in cardiac index are associated with changes in CA.

Methods: We conducted an integrative explorative secondary analysis of individual-level data from 2 prospective observational studies including patients scheduled for radical prostatectomy.

Iodine Images in Dual-energy CT: Detection of Hepatic Steatosis by Quantitative Iodine Concentration Values.

Hepatic steatosis is a common condition and an early manifestation of a systemic metabolic syndrome. As of today, there is no broadly accepted method for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in contrast-enhanced CT images. This retrospective study evaluates the potential of quantitative iodine values in portal venous phase iodine images in dual-energy CT (DECT) by measuring iodine concentrations in regions of interest (ROI) and analyzing the absolute iodine concentration of the liver parenchyma as well as three different blood-normalized iodine concentrations in a study cohort of 251 patients.

Iodine images in dual energy CT: A monocentric study benchmarking quantitative iodine concentration values of the healthy liver.

Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) allows the quantification of specific materials such as iodine contrast agent in human body tissue, potentially providing additional diagnostic data. Yet full diagnostic value can only be achieved if physiological normal values for iodine concentrations are known. We retrospectively evaluated abdominal DECT scans of 105 patients with healthy liver between March and August 2018 (age 17 to 86 years, 43 female and 62 male).

Effect of sedative premedication with oral midazolam on postanesthesia care unit delirium in older adults: a secondary analysis following an uncontrolled before-after design.

Background: Sedative premedication with benzodiazepines has been linked with prolonged recovery and inadequate emergence during the immediate postoperative period. We aimed to analyze the association between postanesthesia care unit (PACU) delirium and sedative premedication with oral midazolam.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data before (midazolam cohort) and after (non-midazolam cohort) implementation of a restrictive strategy for oral premedication with midazolam.

Ring Opening Reactions of β-Propiolactam in Superacidic Media.

The reaction of β-propiolactam in the superacidic systems HF/MF (M=Sb, As) led to the formation of monoprotonated 3-aminopropanoyl fluoride in the form of [C(O)F(CH ) NH ][SbF ] and [C(O)F(CH ) NH ][AsF ]. In the presence of traces of water, the diprotonated species β-alanine [C(OH) (CH ) NH ][AsF ] was synthesized for the first time. All salts were characterized by low-temperature infrared and Raman spectroscopy.

Protonated Ethylene Carbonate: A Highly Resonance-Stabilized Cation.

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Andreas J. Kornath at the LMU in Munich (Germany).

Protonated Ethylene Carbonate: A Highly Resonance-Stabilized Cation.

Salts containing the monoprotonated ethylene carbonate species of were obtained by reacting it with the superacidic systems XF/MF (X=H, D; M=Sb, As). The salts in terms of [C H O ] [SbF ] , [C H O ] [AsF ] and [C H DO ] [AsF ] were characterized by low-temperature infrared and Raman spectroscopy. In order to generate the diprotonated species of ethylene carbonate, an excess of Lewis acid was used.

Health-related quality of life and self-reported cognitive function in patients with delayed neurocognitive recovery after radical prostatectomy: a prospective follow-up study.

Background: Delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNCR) is a common and serious complication after radical prostatectomy. We hypothesized that patients with DNCR in the early postoperative period would report reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and more cognitive failures 12 months after surgery, compared with patients without DNCR.

Methods: We performed a 12-month follow-up on 367 patients who had been enrolled in a prospective observational trial to study the incidence of DNCR after radical prostatectomy.

Liver lesion localisation and classification with convolutional neural networks: a comparison between conventional and spectral computed tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate the benefit of the additional available information present in spectral CT datasets, as compared to conventional CT datasets, when utilizing convolutional neural networks for fully automatic localisation and classification of liver lesions in CT images.

Materials And Methods: Conventional and spectral CT images (iodine maps, virtual monochromatic images (VMI)) were obtained from a spectral dual-layer CT system. Patient diagnosis were known from the clinical reports and classified into healthy, cyst and hypodense metastasis.

Protonation of γ-Butyrolactone and γ-Butyrolactam.

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Andreas Kornath at the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich (Germany). The cover picture shows the crystal structures of protonated γ-butyrolactone ([(CH ) OCOH][AsF ]) and γ-butyrolactam ([(CH ) NHCOH][AsF ]). Both salts were synthesized by reacting the neutral compounds in the superacidic system HF/AsF at low temperature.

Protonation of γ-Butyrolactone and γ-Butyrolactam.

γ-Butyrolactone and γ-butyrolactam were reacted in the superacidic systems XF/MF (X=H, D; M=As, Sb). Salts of the monoprotonated species of γ-butyrolactone were obtained in terms of [(CH ) OCOH] [AsF ] , [(CH ) OCOH] [SbF ] and [(CH ) OCOD] [AsF ] and the analogous lactam salts in terms of [(CH ) NHCOH] [AsF ] , [(CH ) NHCOH] [SbF ] and [(CH ) NDCOD] [AsF ] . The salts were characterized by low temperature Raman and infrared spectroscopy and for both protonated hexafluoridoarsenates, [(CH ) OCOH] [AsF ] and [(CH ) NHCOH] [AsF ] , single-crystal X-ray structure analyses were conducted.

Education, Implementation, and Teams: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations.

For this 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations, the Education, Implementation, and Teams Task Force applied the population, intervention, comparator, outcome, study design, time frame format and performed 15 systematic reviews, applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidance. Furthermore, 4 scoping reviews and 7 evidence updates assessed any new evidence to determine if a change in any existing treatment recommendation was required. The topics covered included training for the treatment of opioid overdose; basic life support, including automated external defibrillator training; measuring implementation and performance in communities, and cardiac arrest centers; advanced life support training, including team and leadership training and rapid response teams; measuring cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance, feedback devices, and debriefing; and the use of social media to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation application.

Dual-energy CT parameters in correlation to MRI-based apparent diffusion coefficient: evaluation in rectal cancer after radiochemotherapy.

Background: Rectal cancer (RC) is a frequent malignancy for which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most common and accurate imaging. Iodine concentration (IC) can be quantified with spectral dual-layer computed tomography CT (DL-CT), which could improve imaging of RC, especially for evaluation of response to radiochemotherapy (RCT).

Purpose: To compare a DL-CT system to MRI as the non-invasive imaging gold standard for imaging of RC to evaluate the possibility of a response evaluation with DL-CT.

Photon-counting spectral basis component material decomposition for musculoskeletal radiographs.

As a very fast and non-invasive examination, conventional X-ray radiography is well established as the first line diagnostic imaging method of the human bone system. While major bone injuries such as fractures and dislocations are usually easily detectable on conventional X-ray images, more subtle injuries such as microfractures are often missed, leading to mistreatment and potential long-term consequences. The technology of Photon-Counting Dual-Energy Radiography (PCDER) yields the possibility to decompose conventional X-ray images into basis material images such as bone- and soft-tissue-equivalence images.

Comparing the effect of positioning on cerebral autoregulation during radical prostatectomy: a prospective observational study.

Purpose: Surgery in the prolonged extreme Trendelenburg position may lead to elevated intracranial pressure and compromise cerebral hemodynamic regulation. We hypothesized that robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with head-down tilt causes impairment of cerebral autoregulation compared with open retropubic radical prostatectomy in the supine position.

Methods: Patients scheduled for elective radical prostatectomy were included at a tertiary care prostate cancer clinic.

Implementation of basic life support training for school children: Online education for potential instructors? Results of a cluster randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial.

Aim Of The Study: Comprehensive training of the population in basic life support (BLS) increases the chance of survival in cardiac arrest. To implement BLS trainings at schools a high number of instructors will be needed. This non-inferiority study investigated, if online education is effective to prepare instructors to teach BLS compared to face-to-face education.

Comparison of Cognitive Function After Robot-Assisted Prostatectomy and Open Retropubic Radical Prostatectomy: A Prospective Observational Single-Center Study.

Objective: To assess the effects of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in the Trendelenburg position on postoperative neurocognitive outcomes this study compared cognitive function between patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and those who underwent open retropubic radical prostatectomy.

Methods: Objective evaluations of pre- and postoperative cognitive function were performed upon admission and before hospital discharge, by using a neuropsychological test battery. We collected self-reported data on cognitive failures at 3 months postoperatively.

Postanesthesia care unit delirium following robot-assisted vs open retropubic radical prostatectomy: A prospective observational study.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of early postoperative delirium in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) between robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in the extreme Trendelenburg position and open retropubic radical prostatectomy (ORP) in supine position.

Methods: Patients were screened for delirium signs 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes following extubation.

Results: PACU delirium was present in 39.

Implementation of Basic Life Support training in schools: a randomised controlled trial evaluating self-regulated learning as alternative training concept.

Background: The Kids save lives statement recommends annual Basic Life Support (BLS) training for school children but the implementation is challenging. Trainings should be easy to realise and every BLS training should be as effective as possible to prepare learners for lifesaving actions. Preparedness implies skills and positive beliefs in the own capability (high self-efficacy).

Basic life support training using shared mental models improves team performance of first responders on normal wards: A randomised controlled simulation trial.

Introduction: Survival of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) depends on fast and effective action of the first responding team. Not only technical skills, but professional teamwork is required. Observational studies and theoretical models suggest that shared mental models of members improve teamwork.