Psychological Well-Being of Children with Asthma and Their Parents.

: The literature reports that emotional disorders in asthmatic children and their parents may affect asthma control. This research explores the baseline psychological well-being of asthmatic children and their mothers' and fathers' psychological functioning, focusing on the influence of the parents' anxiety and separation anxiety on children's asthma. : In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled children with non-severe asthma and their parents, and a group of healthy children and their parents.

Role of Nasal Nitric Oxide in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Other Respiratory Conditions in Children.

Nitric oxide (NO) is produced within the airways and released with exhalation. Nasal NO (nNO) can be measured in a non-invasive way, with different devices and techniques according to the age and cooperation of the patients. Here, we conducted a narrative review of the literature to examine the relationship between nNO and some respiratory diseases with a particular focus on primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).

Metabolomics Applied to Pediatric Asthma: What Have We Learnt in the Past 10 Years?

: Asthma is the most common chronic condition in children. It is a complex non-communicable disease resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors and characterized by heterogeneous underlying molecular mechanisms. Metabolomics, as with the other omic sciences, thanks to the joint use of high-throughput technologies and sophisticated multivariate statistical methods, provides an unbiased approach to study the biochemical-metabolic processes underlying asthma.

Lung Function in Children with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.

Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by impaired mucociliary clearance that results in accumulation of mucus and bacteria in the airways. Lower respiratory tract infections lead to airway remodeling and lung function impairment. The aim of our narrative review is to discuss available data on lung function in PCD children, focusing on risk factors for lung function impairment.

Spending Time with Mothers as a Resource for Children with Chronic Diseases: A Comparison of Asthma, Type 1 Diabetes, and Cancer during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many families had to manage new difficulties, especially those of chronically ill children. More and more research has focused on the negative effects of the pandemic on psychological wellbeing, while less is known about the resources. The present study aimed to explore the role of time spent with mothers in chronically ill children's populations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of COVID-19 in Children with Chronic Lung Diseases.

Background: since December 2019, the world has become victim of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of our narrative review is to analyze the impact of COVID-19 in children suffering from chronic lung disease (CLD).

Methods: we searched the MEDLINE/Pubmed database using the terms "SARS-CoV-2" or "COVID-19" or "Coronavirus Diseases 2019"; AND "chronic lung diseases" or "chronic respiratory diseases" or "asthma" or "cystic fibrosis" or "primary ciliary dyskinesia" or "bronchopulmonary dysplasia"; and limiting the search to the age range 0-18 years.

Impact of air pollution exposure on lung function and exhaled breath biomarkers in children and adolescents.

A growing number of scientific papers focus on the description and quantification of the detrimental effects of pollution exposure on human health. The respiratory system is one of the main targets of these effects and children are potentially a vulnerable population. Many studies analyzed the effects of short- and long-term exposure to air pollutants on children's respiratory function.

Preliminary Evidence on Pulmonary Function after Asymptomatic and Mild COVID-19 in Children.

Background: While it has been described that adults can develop long-lasting deterioration in pulmonary function (PF) after coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), regardless of disease severity, data on the long-term pneumological impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are lacking.

Methods: Performing a single-center, prospective, observational study on children aged 6-18 years with a previous diagnosis of asymptomatic/mild COVID-19, we evaluated the long-term impact of mild severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children.

Results: A total of 61 subjects underwent spirometry after a mean time of 10 ± 4 months from asymptomatic or mild infection.

A new strategy of desensitization in mucopolysaccharidosis type II disease treated with idursulfase therapy: A case report and review of the literature.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a multisystemic lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the iduronate 2-sulfatase enzyme. Currently, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant idursulfase is the main treatment available to decrease morbidity and improve quality of life. However, infusion-associated reactions (IARs) are reported and may limit access to treatment.

A positive effect of a short period stay in Alpine environment on lung function in asthmatic children.

Lung function is a central issue in diagnosis and determination of asthma severity and asthma control has been previously reported to improve after a stay in mountain environment for at least 2 weeks. No data are available for shorter periods of stay, in particular for small airways during a stay at altitude. The aim of this study is to focus on changes in respiratory function, regarding both the central airways and the peripheral airways in the first 2 weeks of stay in a mountain environment in asthmatic children.

Early Oral Nutritional Supplements in the Prevention of Wheezing, Asthma, and Respiratory Infections.

Wheezing, asthma, and respiratory infections (RTI) are among the most common causes of morbidity in children and their economic and social burden could be significantly reduced by specific prevention strategies. Epidemiological studies suggest that lower levels of some nutrients are associated with higher prevalence of these conditions, but the possible protective effect of early supplementation with these nutrients has not yet been established. Aim of our review is to synthetize the available scientific evidence on the role of supplementation with pre- and probiotics, vitamin D, fish and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamin A, C, and E, given during the first year of life, in the prevention of wheezing, asthma and RTI.

Metabolomic Profile at Birth, Bronchiolitis and Recurrent Wheezing: A 3-Year Prospective Study.

There is growing interest for studying how early-life influences the development of respiratory diseases. Our aim was to apply metabolomic analysis to urine collected at birth, to evaluate whether there is any early metabolic signatures capable to distinguish children who will develop acute bronchiolitis and/or recurrent wheezing. Urine was collected at birth in healthy term newborns.

Pediatric flexible bronchoscopy: A single-center report.

Introduction: Pediatric flexible laryngotracheal bronchoscopy (FB) is an integral part of diagnostics and treatment at tertiary pediatric respiratory centers.

Aim: FBs performed between 2013 and 2018 at our Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine Unit of the Department of Women's and Children's Health at Padua University were examined in terms of the indications, findings, and adverse events.

Materials And Methods: The electronic medical records of pediatric patients who underwent FB at least once between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018 were considered.

Psychosocial impact of Covid-19 outbreak on Italian asthmatic children and their mothers in a post lockdown scenario.

Italy was the first European country to fight the Covid-19 outbreak. To limit the transmission of the virus, the Italian Government imposed strict domestic quarantine policies and temporary closure of non-essential businesses and schools from March 10th,2020. Although more and more literature is exploring the impact of the pandemic on non-referred children and families, only a few studies are focused on the psychosocial impact of Covid-19 in chronically ill children and their caregivers.

Pediatric asthma control during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The lockdown imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a completely different style of life with possible effects on the attitude toward their disease in patients with chronic lung disease, such as asthma. The aim of our study was to investigate in asthmatic children the level of asthma control and the maintenance therapy used during the lockdown.

Methods: Among asthmatic children attending our clinic, we identified those who had been prescribed the same therapy in March-April 2019 and March-April 2020.

Children's Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Diseases (ChILD) in 2020.

The term children interstitial lung diseases (chILD) refers to a heterogeneous group of rare diseases that diffusely affect the lung. ChILD specific to children younger than 2 years of age include diffuse developmental disorders, growth abnormalities, specific conditions of undefined etiology (neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy and pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis) and surfactant protein disorders. Clinical manifestations are highly variable, ranging from the absence of relevant symptoms to a severe onset.

Breathomics in Asthmatic Children Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroids.

Background: "breathomics" enables indirect analysis of metabolic patterns underlying a respiratory disease. In this study, we analyze exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in asthmatic children before (T0) and after (T1) a three-week course of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP).

Methods: we recruited steroid-naive asthmatic children for whom inhaled steroids were indicated and healthy children, evaluating asthma control, spirometry and EBC (in asthmatics at T0 and T1).

Nitric Oxide and Biological Mediators in Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Asthma.

Background: In the context of the so-called unified airway theory, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma may coexist. The inflammation underlying these conditions can be studied through the aid of biomarkers. Main body: We described the main biological mediators that have been studied in pediatric CRS and asthma, and, according to the available literature, we reported their potential role in the diagnosis and management of these conditions.

Timing of Food Introduction and the Risk of Food Allergy.

Given that the prevalence of pediatric IgE-mediated food allergies (FA) has followed a substantive increase in recent decades, nowadays, a research challenge is to establish whether the weaning strategy can have a role in FA prevention. In recent decades, several studies have demonstrated that delayed exposure to allergenic foods did not reduce the risk of FA, leading to the publication of recent guidelines which recommend against delaying the introduction of solid foods after 4-6 months of age, both in high- and low-risk infants, in order to prevent food allergy. In the present review, focusing on cow's milk protein, hen's eggs, peanuts, soy, wheat and fish, we describe the current scientific evidence on the relationship between timing of these foods' introduction in infants' diet and allergy development.

Metabolomic Profiling of Infants With Recurrent Wheezing After Bronchiolitis.

Background: Bronchiolitis is associated with a greater risk of developing recurrent wheezing, but with currently available tools, it is impossible to know which infants with bronchiolitis will develop this condition. This preliminary prospective study aimed to assess whether urine metabolomic analysis can be used to identify children with bronchiolitis who are at risk of developing recurrent wheezing.

Methods: Fifty-two infants <1 year old treated in the emergency department at University Hospital of Padova for acute bronchiolitis were enrolled (77% tested positive for respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]).