Anatomy, Imaging, and Surgical Treatment of Thoracic Lymphadenopathies in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer typically presents at advanced stages, with prognosis heavily influenced by the presence of residual disease following cytoreductive surgery. The role of resecting enlarged extra-abdominal lymph nodes during cytoreductive procedures remains contentious. These enlarged lymph nodes are commonly identified through high-resolution imaging techniques such as ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT).

Malignant Pleural Effusion: Diagnosis and Treatment-Up-to-Date Perspective.

Malignant pleural effusion is the presence of malignant cells within the pleural fluid, representing the second most common cause of pleural exudate. Although diagnostic methods and management techniques for malignant pleural effusion have dramatically improved over the decades, the current treatment is still palliative, aiming to remove pleural fluid, possibly prevent its recurrence, and alleviate symptoms through a wide range of available procedures. Treatment should be tailored to the individual patient, considering comorbidities, size of the effusion, rate of fluid accumulation, underlying cardiac or respiratory conditions, rate of recurrence, presence of loculations or trapped lung, tumor characteristics, cancer type, and patient preferences.

The Impact of Body Composition on Mortality and Hospital Length of Stay after Endovascular and Open Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Sarcopenia is an indicator of preoperative frailty and a patient-specific risk factor for poor prognosis in elderly surgical patients. Some studies have explored the prognostic significance of body composition parameters in relation to perioperative mortality after aortic repair and to mid- and long-term survival following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of various body composition parameters, including but not limited to sarcopenia, on short- and long-term mortality as well as the length of hospital stay in two large cohorts of patients undergoing open surgical aortic repair (OSR) or EVAR.

The "Padua classification" of cardiomyopathies: Combining pathobiological basis and morpho-functional remodeling.

Over the last 20 years, the scientific progresses in molecular biology and genetics in combination with the increasing use in the clinical setting of contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for morpho-functional imaging and structural myocardial tissue characterization have provided important new insights into our understanding of the distinctive aspects of cardiomyopathy, regarding both the genetic and biologic background and the clinical phenotypic features. This has led to the need of an appropriate revision and upgrading of current nosographic framework and pathobiological categorization of heart muscle disorders. This article proposes a new definition and classification of cardiomyopathies that rely on the combination of the distinctive pathobiological basis (genetics, molecular biology and pathology) and the clinical phenotypic pattern (morpho-functional and structural features), leading to the proposal of three different disease categories, each of either genetic or non-genetic etiology and characterized by a combined designation based on both "anatomic" and "functional" features, i.

Cardiac sympathetic neurons are additional cells affected in genetically determined arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a familial cardiac disease, mainly caused by mutations in desmosomal genes, which accounts for most cases of stress-related arrhythmic sudden death, in young and athletes. AC hearts display fibro-fatty lesions that generate the arrhythmic substrate and cause contractile dysfunction. A correlation between physical/emotional stresses and arrhythmias supports the involvement of sympathetic neurons (SNs) in the disease, but this has not been confirmed previously.

In Vivo Approaches to Understand Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Perspectives on Animal Models.

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a hereditary cardiac disorder characterized by the gradual replacement of cardiomyocytes with fibrous and adipose tissue, leading to ventricular wall thinning, chamber dilation, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Despite advances in treatment, disease management remains challenging. Animal models, particularly mice and zebrafish, have become invaluable tools for understanding AC's pathophysiology and testing potential therapies.

Myocarditis Following Pembrolizumab Plus Axitinib, and Belzutifan Plus Lenvatinib for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Cardiac toxicity is an adverse event of several classes of anti-cancer drugs. Herein, we present the case of a 52-year-old woman with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), previously treated with debulking surgery, pembrolizumab (immune checkpoint inhibitor) in combination with axitinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)), followed by lenvatinib (TKI) and belzutifan (HIF-2α inhibitor), who developed myocarditis proven by cardiac magnetic resonance and endomyocardial biopsy. The case was notable for reporting a not-yet described adverse event during treatment with belzutifan plus lenvatinib, the etiology of which was of unobvious determination given the pre-exposure to pembrolizumab, a known cause of drug-related myocarditis.

The Role of the Immune System in Pathobiology and Therapy of Myocarditis: A Review.

The role of the immune system in myocarditis onset and progression involves a range of complex cellular and molecular pathways. Both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to myocarditis pathogenesis, regardless of its infectious or non-infectious nature and across different histological and clinical subtypes. The heterogeneity of myocarditis etiologies and molecular effectors is one of the determinants of its clinical variability, manifesting as a spectrum of disease phenotype and progression.

Prognostic Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Major Thoracic Trauma.

Background: Major thoracic trauma represents a life-threatening condition, requiring a prompt multidisciplinary approach and appropriate pathways for effective recovery. While acute morbidity and mortality are well-known outcomes in thoracic-traumatized patients, long-term quality of life in patients surviving surgical treatment has not been widely investigated before.

Methods: Between November 2016 and November 2023, thirty-two consecutive patients were operated on because of thoracic trauma.

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Centrally Located Inoperable Early-Stage NSCLC: EORTC 22113-08113 LungTech Phase II Trial Results.

Introduction: The international phase II single-arm LungTech trial 22113-08113 of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer assessed the safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with centrally located early-stage NSCLC.

Methods: Patients with inoperable non-metastatic central NSCLC (T1-T3 N0 M0, ≤7cm) were included. After prospective central imaging review and radiation therapy quality assurance for any eligible patient, SBRT (8 × 7.

Cardiovascular pathology in vasculitis.

Vasculitides are diseases that can affect any vessel. When cardiac or aortic involvement is present, the prognosis can worsen significantly. Pathological assessment often plays a key role in reaching a definite diagnosis of cardiac or aortic vasculitis, particularly when the clinical evidence of a systemic inflammatory disease is missing.

The performance of the node reporting and data system 1.0 (Node-RADS) and DWI-MRI in staging patients with cervical carcinoma according to the new FIGO classification (2018).

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Node-RADS score and the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in predicting metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) involvement in cervical cancer (CC) patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The applicability of the Node RADS score across three readers with different years of experience in pelvic imaging was also assessed.

Material And Methods: Among 140 patients, 68 underwent staging MRI, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery, forming the study cohort.

Assessment of pulmonary vascular anatomy: comparing augmented reality by holograms versus standard CT images/reconstructions using surgical findings as reference standard.

Background: We compared computed tomography (CT) images and holograms (HG) to assess the number of arteries of the lung lobes undergoing lobectomy and assessed easiness in interpretation by radiologists and thoracic surgeons with both techniques.

Methods: Patients scheduled for lobectomy for lung cancer were prospectively included and underwent CT for staging. A patient-specific three-dimensional model was generated and visualized in an augmented reality setting.

BI-RADS Category Assignments by GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Google Bard: A Multilanguage Study.

Background The performance of publicly available large language models (LLMs) remains unclear for complex clinical tasks. Purpose To evaluate the agreement between human readers and LLMs for Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories assigned based on breast imaging reports written in three languages and to assess the impact of discordant category assignments on clinical management. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included reports for women who underwent MRI, mammography, and/or US for breast cancer screening or diagnostic purposes at three referral centers.

When Waldenström macroglobulinemia hits the kidney: Description of a case series and management of a "rare in rare" scenario.

Background: Renal injury related to Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) occurs in approximately 3% of patients. Kidney biopsy is crucial to discriminate between distinct histopathological entities such as glomerular (amyloidotic and non-amyloidotic), tubulo-interstitial and non-paraprotein mediated renal damage. In this context, disease characterization, management, relationship between renal, and hematological response have been poorly explored.

Long-term efficacy and safety of tailored immunosuppressive therapy in immune-mediated biopsy-proven myocarditis: A propensity-weighted study.

Aims: Standardized immunosuppressive therapy (IS) had been previously investigated in biopsy-proven (BP) lymphocytic myocarditis with heart failure (HF). This study evaluated efficacy and safety of tailored IS in BP immune-mediated myocarditis, irrespective of histology and clinical presentation.

Methods And Results: Consecutive BP myocarditis patients treated with long-term tailored IS on top of optimal medical therapy (OMT), were compared with OMT non-IS controls using propensity-score weighting.

Segmentation method of magnetic resonance imaging brain tumor images based on improved UNet network.

Background: Glioma is a primary malignant craniocerebral tumor commonly found in the central nervous system. According to research, preoperative diagnosis of glioma and a full understanding of its imaging features are very significant. Still, the traditional segmentation methods of image dispensation and machine wisdom are not acceptable in glioma segmentation.

CMR Predictors of Favorable Outcome in Myocarditis: A Single-Center Experience.

: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as the most accurate, non-invasive method to support the diagnosis of clinically suspected myocarditis and as a risk-stratification tool in patients with cardiomyopathies. We aim to assess the diagnostic and prognostic role of CMR at diagnosis in patients with myocarditis. We enrolled consecutive single-center patients with 2013 ESC consensus-based endomyocardial biopsy (EMB)-proven or clinically suspected myocarditis undergoing CMR at diagnosis.

Profiling plasma alterations of extracellular vesicles in patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis and bacterial infection.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulate inflammation, coagulation and vascular homeostasis in decompensated cirrhosis.

Aim: To characterize the profile of plasmatic EVs in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and bacterial infections and evaluate the association between EVs and the development of hemostatic complications.

Methods: We measured the levels of EVs using high-sensitivity flow cytometry and phospholipid-dependent clotting time (PPL) in a prospective cohort of hospitalized patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis with versus without bacterial infections.

Sarcopenic Obesity in Cervical Carcinoma: A Strong and Independent Prognostic Factor beyond the Conventional Predictors (ESTHER Study-AFRAID Project).

Locally advanced cervical cancer represents a significant treatment challenge. Body composition parameters such as body mass index, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity, defined by sarcopenia and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m, have been identified as potential prognostic factors, yet their overall impact remains underexplored. This study assessed the relationship between these anthropometric parameters alongside clinical prognostic factors on the prognosis of 173 cervical cancer patients.