Hunger and the transition from parenteral nutrition in hospitalized adults: A descriptive cohort study.

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides nutrition to patients who cannot use the digestive tract. Some patients experience delayed appetite recovery after PN, but the factors contributing to this remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether hospitalized patients receiving PN experience reduced hunger or appetite.

Conservation of function without conservation of amino acid sequence in intrinsically disordered transcriptional activation domains.

Protein function is canonically believed to be more conserved than amino acid sequence, but this idea is only well supported in folded domains, where highly diverged sequences can fold into equivalent 3D structures. In contrast, intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) do not fold into a stable 3D structure, thus it remains unknown when and how function is conserved for IDRs that experience rapid amino acid sequence divergence. As a model system for studying the evolution of IDRs, we examined transcriptional activation domains, the regions of transcription factors that bind to coactivator complexes.

Systematic identification of transcriptional activation domains from non-transcription factor proteins in plants and yeast.

Transcription factors can promote gene expression through activation domains. Whole-genome screens have systematically mapped activation domains in transcription factors but not in non-transcription factor proteins (e.g.

DUVEL: an active-learning annotated biomedical corpus for the recognition of oligogenic combinations.

While biomedical relation extraction (bioRE) datasets have been instrumental in the development of methods to support biocuration of single variants from texts, no datasets are currently available for the extraction of digenic or even oligogenic variant relations, despite the reports in literature that epistatic effects between combinations of variants in different loci (or genes) are important to understand disease etiologies. This work presents the creation of a unique dataset of oligogenic variant combinations, geared to train tools to help in the curation of scientific literature. To overcome the hurdles associated with the number of unlabelled instances and the cost of expertise, active learning (AL) was used to optimize the annotation, thus getting assistance in finding the most informative subset of samples to label.

A study of deep active learning methods to reduce labelling efforts in biomedical relation extraction.

Automatic biomedical relation extraction (bioRE) is an essential task in biomedical research in order to generate high-quality labelled data that can be used for the development of innovative predictive methods. However, building such fully labelled, high quality bioRE data sets of adequate size for the training of state-of-the-art relation extraction models is hindered by an annotation bottleneck due to limitations on time and expertise of researchers and curators. We show here how Active Learning (AL) plays an important role in resolving this issue and positively improve bioRE tasks, effectively overcoming the labelling limits inherent to a data set.

Novel method for the quantification of rosette area from images of seedlings grown on agar plates.

Premise: The agar-based culture of seedlings is widely used for quantifying root traits. Shoot traits are generally overlooked in these studies, probably because the rosettes are often askew. A technique to assess the shoot surface area of seedlings grown inside agar culture dishes would facilitate simultaneous root and shoot phenotyping.

Factor-Based Framework for Multivariate and Multi-step-ahead Forecasting of Large Scale Time Series.

State-of-the-art multivariate forecasting methods are restricted to low dimensional tasks, linear dependencies and short horizons. The technological advances (notably the Big data revolution) are instead shifting the focus to problems characterized by a large number of variables, non-linear dependencies and long forecasting horizons. In the last few years, the majority of the best performing techniques for multivariate forecasting have been based on deep-learning models.

Mortality and overall and specific infection complication rates in patients who receive parenteral nutrition: systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is an available option for nutritional therapy and is often required in the hospital setting to overcome malnutrition.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess whether PN is associated with an increased risk of mortality or infectious complications in all groups of hospitalized patients compared with those receiving other nutritional support strategies.

Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, Scopus, clinicaltrials.

Infectious complications associated with parenteral nutrition in intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit patients.

Introduction: Malnutrition is associated with an increased risk of complications in hospitalized patients, and parenteral nutrition (PN) is used when oral or enteral feeding is not possible. This study aimed at analyzing associations between PN characteristics and infectious complications in hospitalized patients.

Material And Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiarycare university hospital.

Draft Genome Sequences of 16 Halophilic Prokaryotes Isolated from Diverse Environments.

Halophile-specific enzymes have wide-ranging industrial and commercial applications. Despite their importance, there is a paucity of available halophile whole-genome sequences. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 16 diverse salt-tolerant strains of bacteria and archaea isolated from a variety of high-salt environments.

Melatonin restrains angiogenic factors in triple-negative breast cancer by targeting miR-152-3p: In vivo and in vitro studies.

Aims: Breast cancer represents the second most prevalent tumor-related cause of death among women. Although studies have already been published regarding the association between breast tumors and miRNAs, this field remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are defined as non-coding RNA molecules, and are known to be involved in cell pathways through the regulation of gene expression.

Disruption of the Microglial ADP Receptor P2Y Enhances Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.

In mammalian species, including humans, the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is a primary region of adult neurogenesis. Aberrant adult hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with neurological pathologies. Understanding the cellular mechanisms controlling adult hippocampal neurogenesis is expected to open new therapeutic strategies for mental disorders.

Variability index of tacrolimus serum levels in pediatric liver transplant recipients younger than 12 years: Non-adherence or risk of non-adherence?

MLVI has been used to assess adherence. To determine the MLVI in children <12 years of age at transplantation and to identify demographic correlates and consequences for the graft. This is a retrospective study of 50 outpatients (4.

Immune System Modifications Induced in a Mouse Model of Chronic Exposure to (90)Sr.

Strontium 90 ((90)Sr) remains in the environment long after a major nuclear disaster occurs. As a result, populations living on contaminated land are potentially exposed to daily ingesting of low quantities of (90)Sr. The potential long-term health effects of such chronic contamination are unknown.

Cell proliferation and cell death are disturbed during prenatal and postnatal brain development after uranium exposure.

The developing brain is more susceptible to neurotoxic compounds than adult brain. It is also well known that disturbances during brain development cause neurological disorders in adulthood. The brain is known to be a target organ of uranium (U) exposure and previous studies have noted that internal U contamination of adult rats induces behavioral disorders as well as affects neurochemistry and neurophysiological properties.

Chronic Gamma-Irradiation Induces a Dose-Rate-Dependent Pro-inflammatory Response and Associated Loss of Function in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.

A central question in radiation protection research is dose and dose-rate relationship for radiation-induced cardiovascular diseases. The response of endothelial cells to different low dose rates may contribute to help estimate risks for cardiovascular diseases by providing mechanistic understanding. In this study we investigated whether chronic low-dose-rate radiation exposure had an effect on the inflammatory response of endothelial cells and their function.

NTPDase2 and purinergic signaling control progenitor cell proliferation in neurogenic niches of the adult mouse brain.

Nerve cells are continuously generated from stem cells in the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampal dentate gyrus. We have previously noted that stem/progenitor cells in the SVZ and the subgranular layer (SGL) of the dentate gyrus express high levels of plasma membrane-bound nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (NTPDase2), an ectoenzyme that hydrolyzes extracellular nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates. We inferred that deletion of NTPDase2 would increase local extracellular nucleoside triphosphate concentrations perturbing purinergic signaling and boosting progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis.

Chronic uranium exposure dose-dependently induces glutathione in rats without any nephrotoxicity.

Uranium is a heavy metal naturally found in the earth's crust that can contaminate the general public population when ingested. The acute effect and notably the uranium nephrotoxicity are well known but knowledge about the effect of chronic uranium exposure is less clear. In a dose-response study we sought to determine if a chronic exposure to uranium is toxic to the kidneys and the liver, and what the anti-oxidative system plays in these effects.

Molecular, cellular, and tissue impact of depleted uranium on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.

Enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics (XME) are well recognized in experimental models as representative indicators of organ detoxification functions and of exposure to toxicants. As several in vivo studies have shown, uranium can alter XME in the rat liver or kidneys after either acute or chronic exposure. To determine how length or level of exposure affects these changes in XME, we continued our investigation of chronic rat exposure to depleted uranium (DU, uranyl nitrate).

Chronic exposure to low concentrations of strontium 90 affects bone physiology but not the hematopoietic system in mice.

The aim of this work was to delineate the effects of chronic ingestion of strontium 90 ((90) Sr) at low concentrations on the hematopoiesis and the bone physiology. A mouse model was used for that purpose. Parent animals ingested water containing 20 kBq l(-1) of (90) Sr two weeks before mating.

Influence of depleted uranium on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.

Depleted uranium (DU) is uranium with a lower content of the fissile isotope U-235 than natural uranium. It is a radioelement and a waste product from the enrichment process of natural uranium. Because of its very high density, it is used in the civil industry and for military purposes.