Proposal for complete characterization of attosecond pulses from relativistic plasmas.

In this study, we propose two full-optical-setup and single-shot measurable approaches for complete characterization of attosecond pulses from surface high harmonic generation (SHHG): SHHG-SPIDER (spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction) and SHHG-SEA-SPIDER (spatially encoded arrangement for SPIDER). 1D- and 2D-EPOCH PIC (particle-in-cell) simulations were performed to generate the attosecond pulses from relativistic plasmas under different conditions. Pulse trains dominated by single isolated peak as well as complex pulse train structures are extensively discussed for both methods, which showed excellent accuracy in the complete reconstruction of the attosecond field with respect to the direct Fourier transformed result.

Characterization of laser-driven proton acceleration from water microdroplets.

We report on a proton acceleration experiment in which high-intensity laser pulses with a wavelength of 0.4 μm and with varying temporal intensity contrast have been used to irradiate water droplets of 20 μm diameter. Such droplets are a reliable and easy-to-implement type of target for proton acceleration experiments with the potential to be used at very high repetition rates.

Reconstructive kidney surgery for organ-preserving therapy of renal tumors.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in various clinical endpoints in patients with reconstructive surgery by renal partial nephrectomy for tumors up to 4 cm compared to tumors larger than 4 cm.

Material And Methods: A total of 170 partial renal resection patients that presented malignant tumors were included in the retrospective study. Data was analyzed retrospectively based on internal clinic files, as well as a questionnaire to enhance the follow-up clinical outcomes data obtained.

Laser Therapy for Bladder Outlet Obstruction: A Prospective Analysis of All Patients Receiving Treatment with the GreenLight XPS 180-Watt Laser System after Introduction at a Single Center.

Objective: The objective was to assess and publish our first experiences with the GreenLight XPS™ 180-watt laser in men suffering from bladder outlet obstruction.

Patients And Methods: From January 2013 to February 2014, the results of 142 patients were analyzed prospectively at a single center. Indications for disobstruction were in line with current EAU guidelines, but independent of the underlying causes of obstruction.

Reconstructive surgery for male stress urinary incontinence: Experiences using the ATOMS(®) system at a single center.

Objective: To propose possible success-driven solutions for problem and complication rates encountered with the ATOMS(®) sling system, based on first-hand experience; and to provide possible actual alternative scenarios for the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Patients And Methods: During the defined period (between 4/2010 and 04/2014), 36 patients received ATOMS(®) system implants at our clinic. We collected pre- and post-operative evaluation data using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ SF).

Plastic end-to-end treatment of bulbar urethral stricture.

For bulbar urethral strictures up to 2.5 cm in length, the one-stage urethral plastic surgery with stricture excision and direct end-to-end anastomosis remains the best procedure to guarantee a high success rate. This retrospective review shows the results of 21 patients who underwent bulbar end-to-end anastomosis from 2010-2013.

The response of rice grain quality to ozone exposure during growth depends on ozone level and genotype.

The effects of ozone exposure during the cropping season on rice grain quality were investigated in chamber experiments employing four ozone treatments (charcoal filtered air, ambient, 2× ambient, and 2.5× ambient concentration) and six genotypes. The concentrations of protein and lipids in brown rice increased significantly in response to ozone, while starch concentration and thousand kernel mass decreased.