Contrast-induced encephalopathy-neuroimaging findings and clinical relevance.

Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare encephalopathic condition after the administration of a contrast agent. The diagnosis of CIE is challenging because of the heterogeneity and non-specificity of the clinical presentation. The clinical course is usually favorable with full recovery within 48-72 h in most patients, although comorbidity is of relevance and contributes to the clinical outcome.

Development of a diagnostic model to identify patients at high risk for cerebellopontine angle lesions.

Purpose: To develop a diagnostic model to identify patients at high risk of a CPA lesion.

Methods: A consecutive cohort of patients with AAD referred by a general practitioner, who underwent their first MRI examination of the CPA between 2005 and 2015 was included. Demographics, symptoms, findings during physical examination, and pure-tone audiometry were used as potential predictors.

Development of a model to predict vestibular schwannoma growth: An opportunity to introduce new wait and scan strategies.

Objectives: To develop a prediction model to predict vestibular schwannoma (VS) growth for patients in a wait and scan (W&S) strategy.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary hospital (Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands).

Assessment of surgical tumor-free resection margins in fresh squamous-cell carcinoma resection specimens of the tongue using a clinical MRI system.

Background: Current intraoperative methods of visual inspection and tissue palpation by the surgeon, and frozen section analysis cannot reliably prevent inadequate surgical margins in patients treated for oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study assessed feasibility of MRI for the assessment of surgical resection margins in fresh OSCC specimens.

Methods: Ten consecutive tongue specimens containing OSCC were scanned using 3 T clinical whole-body MRI.

In search of the most cost-effective monitoring strategy for vestibular schwannoma: A decision analytical modelling study.

Objectives: To assess the cost-effectiveness of frequently used monitoring strategies for vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Design: A state transition model was developed to compare six monitoring strategies for patients with VS: lifelong annual monitoring; annual monitoring for the first 10 years after diagnosis; scanning at 1-5, 7, 9, 12, 15 years after diagnosis and subsequently every 5 years; a personalised monitoring strategy for small and large tumours; scanning at 1, 2 and 5 years after diagnosis and no monitoring. Input data were derived from literature and expert opinion.

An international comparison of diagnostic and management strategies for vestibular schwannoma.

Objective: To compare international diagnostic and management strategies for vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Methods: A web-based questionnaire was sent to 130 otolaryngologists, mainly identified through the European Skull Base Society. It contained questions on general information including guideline usage as well as questions on diagnosis (focussing on selection of patients for MRI) and management of VS, including case scenarios.

Toxic Leukoencephalopathy Presenting as Lethal Catatonia.

Introduction: Catatonia is a syndrome that can present in different forms and can occur in multiple psychiatric and somatic conditions. This case report describes lethal catatonia caused by delayed toxic leukoencephalopathy after excessive use of cocaine and methadone. The characteristic radiographic imaging and biphasic course are discussed.

The interobserver agreement in the detection of recurrent HNSCC using MRI including diffusion weighted MRI.

Introduction: For the detection of local recurrences of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) after (chemo)radiation, diagnostic imaging is generally performed. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) has been proven to be able to adequately diagnose the presence of cancer. However evaluation of DW-MR images for recurrences is difficult and could be subject to individual interpretation.

Brain CT perfusion improves intracranial vessel occlusion detection on CT angiography.

Background And Purpose: To evaluate whether brain CT perfusion (CTP) aids in the detection of intracranial vessel occlusion on CT angiography (CTA) in acute ischemic stroke.

Materials And Methods: Medical-ethical committee approval of our hospital was obtained and informed consent was waived. Patients suspected of acute ischemic stroke who underwent non-contrast CT(NCCT), CTA and whole-brain CTP in our center in the year 2015 were included.

Pulsatile Tinnitus: Differential Diagnosis and Radiological Work-Up.

Purpose Of Review: Identification of the underlying cause of pulsatile tinnitus is important for treatment decision making and for prognosis estimation. For this, an adequate diagnostic imaging strategy is crucial.

Recent Findings: Both CT and MRI can be useful, and in general, these modalities provide complementary diagnostic information.

Evaluation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma resection margins using ex-vivo MR.

Purpose: Purpose of this feasibility study was (1) to evaluate whether application of ex-vivo 7T MR of the resected tongue specimen containing squamous cell carcinoma may provide information on the resection margin status and (2) to evaluate the research and developmental issues that have to be solved for this technique to have the beneficial impact on clinical outcome that we expect: better oncologic and functional outcomes, better quality of life, and lower costs.

Methods: We performed a non-blinded validation of ex-vivo 7T MR to detect the tongue squamous cell carcinoma and resection margin in 10 fresh tongue specimens using histopathology as gold standard.

Results: In six of seven specimens with a histopathologically determined invasion depth of the tumor of [Formula: see text] mm, the tumor could be recognized on MR, with a resection margin within a 2 mm range as compared to histopathology.

Resting-state subcortical functional connectivity in HIV-infected patients on long-term cART.

Despite long-term successful treatment with cART, impairments in cognitive functioning are still being reported in HIV-infected patients. Since changes in cognitive function may be preceded by subtle changes in brain function, neuroimaging techniques, such as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) have become useful tools in assessing HIV-associated abnormalities in the brain. The purpose of the current study was to examine the extent to which HIV infection in virologically suppressed patients is associated with disruptions in subcortical regions of the brain in comparison to a matched HIV-negative control group.

Nigrosome-1 on Susceptibility Weighted Imaging to Differentiate Parkinson's Disease From Atypical Parkinsonism: An In Vivo and Ex Vivo Pilot Study.

Background: Previous case-control studies have suggested that the absence of a swallow-tail appearance in the substantia nigra on high-resolution SWI, representing nigrosome-1, has high accuracy to identify Parkinson's disease (PD). The first goal of our study was to evaluate nigrosome-1 ex vivo using optimized high-resolution susceptibility sensitive MRI. Our second goal was to evaluate its diagnostic value in vivo using a clinical 3T SWI sequence to differentiate between PD and atypical parkinsonism (AP) in a cohort of patients with early-stage parkinsonism.

Repeated Postoperative Follow-up Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Detect Residual or Recurrent Cholesteatoma.

Objective: In our institution, follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) after cholesteatoma surgery is performed at least twice. The aim of this study was to determine the yield of the second follow-up DWI (D-W MRI-2) in patients in whom the first postoperative DWI (D-W MRI-1) was negative for residual or recurrent cholesteatoma.

Study Design: A retrospective analysis.

An international comparison of the management of the neck in early oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Netherlands, UK, and USA.

Background: Early oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) management appears to vary both within and between countries. Variation in practice can be an indicator of absence of evidence-based management and may negatively influence survival and morbidity. The exact variation and the relationship to differences in guidelines are unknown.

Cognitive functioning, wellbeing and brain correlates in HIV-1 infected patients on long-term combination antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: The objective of the current study is to integrate results from extensive neuropsychological assessment, subjective wellbeing reports and structural neuroimaging findings in successfully treated HIV-infected patients in comparison with a HIV-negative control group.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: Neuropsychological functioning and self-reported wellbeing were assessed in a group of 102 virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and 56 controls.

Cognitive function, depression, fatigue and quality of life among long-term survivors of head and neck cancer.

Background: Long-term cancer treatment complications become more prevalent as survival improves. Little is known about the psychological complications in long-term survivors of head and neck cancer (HNC). We investigated cognitive functioning and its relation with depression, fatigue, cognitive complaints, and brain lesions on MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the carotid artery in long-term head and neck cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy.

Background: In head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, long-term treatment-related complications include radiotherapy (RT)-induced carotid vasculopathy and stroke. The current study investigated the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of the carotid wall in long-term HNC survivors treated with RT.

Methods: MRI of the carotid arteries was performed within a prospective cohort of 42 HNC patients on average 7 years after RT.

[Burn injuries during MR scanning: a case report].

In this paper we report one case of skin burns in MRI caused by induced electrical currents. Two second degree skin burns occurred during imaging, while operating within all current safety guidelines. The currents are induced by the magnetic-gradient field, as well as the radiofrequency pulses.

Long term cerebral and vascular complications after irradiation of the neck in head and neck cancer patients: a prospective cohort study: study rationale and protocol.

Background: Successful treatment options for cancer result in more young long-term survivors prone for long-term complications. Carotid artery vasculopathy is a potential long-term complication after radiotherapy of the neck, resulting in cerebrovascular events and probably deficits in cognitive and motor functioning. Better insight into the underlying pathofysiology of radiotherapy induced carotid artery vasculopathy is needed for prognostic purposes and to develop preventive strategies.

Neuropsychiatric manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: epidemiology and radiology pointing to an immune-mediated cause.

Background: Different pathogenetic pathways have been proposed for neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Objective: To describe the patient characteristics of a large cohort of patients with SLE with NP manifestations (NPSLE) in a single centre and to review whether these and other data are compatible with immune-mediated mechanisms.

Methods: A total of 212 patients were identified from MRI scans of the brain ordered for suspected NPSLE.