Publications by authors named "Stefan Quast"

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is mediated by neuroantigen-specific pro-inflammatory T cells of the Th1 and Th17 effector class. Th-17 cells can be clearly defined by expression of IL-17, but not IFN-γ, IL-2 or IL-3. Th1 cells do not express IL-17, but it is unclear presently to what extent they co-express the cytokines canonically assigned to Th1 immunity (i.

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Cytokine assays are gaining increasing importance for human immune monitoring because they reliably detect antigen-specific T cells in primary PBMC, even at low clonal sizes. Double color ELISPOT assays permit the simultaneous visualization of cells producing two different cytokines. Permitting the simultaneous assessment of type 1 and 2 immunity and due to the limited numbers of PBMC available from human study subjects, double color assays should be particularly attractive for clinical trials.

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The low frequency of islet-cell antigen-reactive T cells in type 1 diabetes makes their direct measurement difficult. Commonly used in vitro expansion could alter in vivo frequencies and Th1/Th2 differentiation states. Using IFN-gamma/IL-4 double color ELISPOT, we tested longitudinally the reactivity of PBMC from HLA-matched diabetic patients and healthy controls to GAD65, IA-2, and proinsulin peptides ex vivo and after in vitro culture.

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Active T cell recognition of islet antigens has been postulated as the pathogenic mechanism in human type 1 diabetes, but evidence is scarce. If T cells are engaged, they are expected to display increased clonal size and exhibit a T helper (Th)1/Th2 differentiation state. We used a peptide library that covers tyrosine phosphatase IA-2, a target antigen expressed in pancreatic beta cells, to probe 8 diabetic patients and 5 HLA-matched controls.

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