Radiological follow-up of cemento-osseous dysplasia on cone-beam computed tomography.

This study investigated the natural course of cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Retrospectively, 104 CBCT scans from 36 patients (mean age, 44.5 years; 33 female and three male) with mandibular COD (10 florid, seven focal, 19 periapical) were included, based upon clinico-radiological features, without complications such as infection and related surgery.

Real-world Data of Palliative First-line Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer.

Background/aim: Pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy is now approved in PD-L1-positive patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Since real-world data are pending, our goal was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy in an unselected cohort of patients with SCCHN.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed 78 patients with recurrent or metastatic SCCHN from three Austrian cancer centers that received CPI therapy alone or with chemotherapy as palliative first-line systemic treatment for this retrospective study.

A homozygous AP3D1 missense variant in patients with sensorineural hearing loss as the leading manifestation.

Loss-of-function variants in AP3D1 have been linked to Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) 10, a severe multisystem disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, immunodeficiency, neurodevelopmental delay, hearing loss (HL), and neurological abnormalities, fatal in early childhood. Here, we report a consanguineous family who presented with presumably isolated autosomal recessive (AR) HL. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on all core family members, and selected patients were screened using array-based copy-number analysis and karyotyping.

Chest computed tomography findings of adult patients with antimelanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 antibody-positive interstitial lung disease.

Objectives: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with the antimelanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (anti-MDA5) antibody is a rapidly progressive disease that requires timely, aggressive treatment. However, prompt diagnosis is difficult due to the longer time required for antibody detection. This study described the computed tomography (CT) findings of anti-MDA5 antibody-positive ILD (anti-MDA5-ILD).

Vertebral Bone Marrow and Endplate Assessment on MR Imaging for the Differentiation of Modic Type 1 Endplate Changes and Infectious Spondylodiscitis.

On magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, Modic type 1 (MT1) endplate changes and infectious spondylodiscitis share similar findings. Therefore, this study investigated vertebral bone marrow and endplate changes to enable their differentiation. The lumbar spine MR examinations of 91 adult patients were retrospectively included: 39 with MT1; 19 with early spondylodiscitis without abscess; and 33 with advanced spondylodiscitis with abscess.

Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration as a Common Incidental Finding in Young Pregnant Women as Observed on Prenatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Obstetric imaging, subserving fetal evaluation, may yield incidental maternal findings. Based on prenatal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, this study aims to investigate incidental intervertebral disc degeneration and displacement in young, pregnant women. This retrospective study included the sagittal 1.

Midfacial Advancement Line-A Comparative Evaluation of a New Measurement Method in Orthognathic Surgery.

Purpose: In planning intraoral quadrangular Le Fort II osteotomy (IQLFIIO), simulation of hard and soft tissue changes will be important at the infraorbital, Le Fort I, and incisor level. The aim of our study was to evaluate a new method for visualization and quantification.

Materials And Methods: Three different methods of quantification were compared: the point-to-point (PTP) measurement, which has been viewed as the reference standard; part comparison analysis (PCA); and a new method, the midfacial advancement line (MFAL) measurement.

When an incidental MRI finding becomes a clinical issue : Posterior lumbar subcutaneous edema in degenerative, inflammatory, and infectious conditions of the lumbar spine.

Background: On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), posterior lumbar subcutaneous edema (PLSE) is a frequent incidental, yet unclear finding within the deep subcutaneous perifascial tissue. This study aimed to investigate PLSE in various pathological lumbar conditions.

Methods: This retrospective study included the MR images of the lumbar spine of 279 patients (age range 18-82 years) without cardiovascular, renal or hepatic diseases, 79 of whom had low-grade disc degeneration, 101 combined endplate and facet joint degeneration, 53 axial spondyloarthritis and 46 infectious spondylodiscitis.

Computed tomography accelerates staging in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma.

Purpose: No imaging algorithms for diagnostic imaging in patients suffering from Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) have been established so far and thus staging work-up is challenging. Long presentation-to-treatment intervals determine further treatment course and, consequently, have an impact on clinical outcome in patients with MCC.

Methods: In this retrospective study, diagnostic imaging of 37 MCC patients was analyzed.

Prognostic survival value of retropharyngeal lymph node involvement in sinonasal tumors: A retrospective, descriptive, and exploratory study.

Background: Sinonasal carcinomas are rare. The purpose of this study was for us to present our assessment of the effects of retropharyngeal lymph node involvement at diagnosis on patient outcomes.

Methods: Retropharyngeal lymph node involvement in 36 patients with sinonasal carcinoma was determined by radiology at initial presentation.

Morphometric analysis of sinus depth in the posterior maxilla and proposal of a novel classification.

The aim of this study was to analyse the posterior maxillary sinus based on its extension into the alveolar process and to provide a simple clinical classification. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in CT scans of 200 dentate and 200 edentulous patients (100 women and 100 men, respectively). After manual placement of 12 reference points morphometric analysis was performed and sinus depth, residual alveolar ridge height (RH) and the sinus opening angle were calculated.

Clinical Management of Impacted and Transmigrated Lower Canines.

Purpose: Impacted, in particular transmigrated, lower canines are rare. If they transmigrate, then the most common treatment is extraction. Alternatively, the native tooth can be preserved; however, management is complex.

Changes in Cartilage and Tendon Composition of Patients With Type I Diabetes Mellitus: Identification by Quantitative Sodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 T.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate possible biochemical alterations in tendons and cartilage caused by type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), using quantitative in vivo 7 T sodium magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this prospective study, and written informed consent was obtained. Eight DM1 patients with no history of knee trauma and 9 healthy age- and weight-matched volunteers were examined at 7 T using dedicated knee coils.

Normal spectrum of pulmonary parametric response map to differentiate lung collapsibility: distribution of densitometric classifications in healthy adult volunteers.

Objectives: Pulmonary parametric response map (PRM) was proposed for quantitative densitometric phenotypization of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, little is known about this technique in healthy subjects. The purpose of this study was to describe the normal spectrum of densitometric classification of pulmonary PRM in a group of healthy adults.

MR neurography of ulnar nerve entrapment at the cubital tunnel: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

Objectives: MR neurography, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography at 3 Tesla were evaluated for the assessment of patients with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE).

Methods: Axial T2-weighted and single-shot DTI sequences (16 gradient encoding directions) were acquired, covering the cubital tunnel of 46 patients with clinically and electrodiagnostically confirmed UNE and 20 healthy controls. Cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured at the retrocondylar sulcus and FA and ADC values on each section along the ulnar nerve.

Use of diagnostic dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI for targeting of soft tissue tumour biopsies at 3T: preliminary results.

Objectives: To test the feasibility and accuracy of MR-guided soft tissue tumour biopsy at 3T, using the dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) information from staging MRI for intralesional targeting.

Methods: After obtaining written informed consent for this institutional review board-approved study, 53 patients with suspected soft tissue tumours prospectively underwent preoperative staging MRI at 3T, including DCE, and subsequent MR-guided core needle biopsy. In 44/53 cases, DCE was heterogeneous and was used for intralesional biopsy targeting.

Comparison of four software packages for CT lung volumetry in healthy individuals.

Objectives: To compare CT lung volumetry (CTLV) measurements provided by different software packages, and to provide normative data for lung densitometric measurements in healthy individuals.

Methods: This retrospective study included 51 chest CTs of 17 volunteers (eight men and nine women; mean age, 30 ± 6 years), who underwent spirometrically monitored CT at total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC), and mean inspiratory capacity (MIC). Volumetric differences assessed by four commercial software packages were compared with analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measurements and benchmarked against the threshold for acceptable variability between spirometric measurements.

Normal mandibular growth and diagnosis of micrognathia at prenatal MRI.

Objective: The aim of this article is to present reference data for fetal mandibular growth on magnetic resonance imaging, enabling the diagnosis of micrognathia.

Methods: Retrospectively, on 355 magnetic resonance scans of apparently facially normal fetuses [gestational age (GA), 20-36 weeks], mandibular anterior-posterior diameter (APD = mandibular size), inferior facial angle (IFA = mandibular position), and jaw index (APD normalized to biparietal diameter) were correlated with GA by Pearson correlation. APD-age relationship was modeled.

Noninfectious inflammatory lung disease: imaging considerations and clues to differential diagnosis.

Objective: Noninfectious inflammatory lung diseases represent a spectrum of idiopathic and secondary conditions that may involve the airspaces, vasculature, or interstitium. The most important clinical and pathologic characteristics are reviewed, emphasizing CT findings and potential clues to differential diagnosis.

Conclusion: Noninfectious inflammatory lung diseases translate into various CT appearances that are important in making the correct diagnosis.

Texture-based and diffusion-weighted discrimination of parotid gland lesions on MR images at 3.0 Tesla.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether texture-based analysis of standard MRI sequences and diffusion-weighted imaging can help in the discrimination of parotid gland masses. The MR images of 38 patients with a biopsy- or surgery-proven parotid gland mass were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were examined on the same 3.

Human long bone development in vivo: analysis of the distal femoral epimetaphysis on MR images of fetuses.

Purpose: To investigate human long bone development in vivo by analyzing distal femoral epimetaphyseal structures and bone morphometrics on magnetic resonance (MR) images of fetuses.

Materials And Methods: An institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and informed consent was waived. Included were 272 MR imaging examinations (April 2004-July 2011) in 253 fetuses with a mean gestational age (GA) of 26 weeks 6 days (range, 19 weeks 2 days to 35 weeks 6 days) without known musculoskeletal abnormalities.