The Influence of Weld Interface Characteristics on the Bond Strength of Collision Welded Aluminium-Steel Joints.

Collision welding is a promising approach for joining conventional materials in identical or dissimilar combinations without heat-related strength loss, thereby opening up new lightweight potential. Widespread application of this technology is still limited by an insufficient state of knowledge with respect to the underlying joining mechanisms. This paper applies collision welding to a material combination of DC04 steel and EN AW 6016 aluminium alloy.

Selecting the Reaction Path in On-Surface Synthesis through the Electron Chemical Potential in Graphene.

The organometallic on-surface synthesis of the eight-membered sp carbon-based ring cyclooctatetraene (CH, Cot) with the neighboring rare-earth elements ytterbium and thulium yields fundamentally different products for the two lanthanides, when conducted on graphene (Gr) close to the charge neutrality point. Sandwich-molecular YbCot wires of more than 500 Å length being composed of an alternating sequence of Yb atoms and upright-standing Cot molecules result from the on-surface synthesis with Yb. In contrast, repulsively interacting TmCot dots consisting of a single Cot molecule and a single Tm atom result from the on-surface synthesis with Tm.

Tailoring magnetic anisotropy by graphene-induced selective skyhook effect on 4f-metals.

From macroscopic heavy-duty permanent magnets to nanodevices, the precise control of the magnetic properties in rare-earth metals is crucial for many applications used in our daily life. Therefore, a detailed understanding and manipulation of the 4f-metals' magnetic properties are key to further boosting the functionalization and efficiency of future applications. We present a proof-of-concept approach consisting of a dysprosium-iridium surface alloy in which graphene adsorption allows us to tailor its magnetic properties.

Atmospheric characterization of terrestrial exoplanets in the mid-infrared: biosignatures, habitability, and diversity.

Exoplanet science is one of the most thriving fields of modern astrophysics. A major goal is the atmospheric characterization of dozens of small, terrestrial exoplanets in order to search for signatures in their atmospheres that indicate biological activity, assess their ability to provide conditions for life as we know it, and investigate their expected atmospheric diversity. None of the currently adopted projects or missions, from ground or in space, can address these goals.

A full gap above the Fermi level: the charge density wave of monolayer VS.

In the standard model of charge density wave (CDW) transitions, the displacement along a single phonon mode lowers the total electronic energy by creating a gap at the Fermi level, making the CDW a metal-insulator transition. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, we show that VS realizes a CDW which stands out of this standard model. There is a full CDW gap residing in the unoccupied states of monolayer VS.

Patient Cohort Identification on Time Series Data Using the OMOP Common Data Model.

Background: The identification of patient cohorts for recruiting patients into clinical trials requires an evaluation of study-specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. These criteria are specified depending on corresponding clinical facts. Some of these facts may not be present in the clinical source systems and need to be calculated either in advance or at cohort query runtime (so-called feasibility query).

Laquinimod dampens IL-1β signaling and Th17-polarizing capacity of monocytes in patients with MS.

Objective: To assess the impact of laquinimod treatment on monocytes and to investigate the underlying immunomodulatory mechanisms in MS.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we performed in vivo and in vitro analyses of cluster of differentiation (CD14) monocytes isolated from healthy donors (n = 15), untreated (n = 13), and laquinimod-treated patients with MS (n = 14). Their frequency and the expression of surface activation markers were assessed by flow cytometry and the viability by calcein staining.

A triple-star system with a misaligned and warped circumstellar disk shaped by disk tearing.

Young stars are surrounded by a circumstellar disk of gas and dust, within which planet formation can occur. Gravitational forces in multiple star systems can disrupt the disk. Theoretical models predict that if the disk is misaligned with the orbital plane of the stars, the disk should warp and break into precessing rings, a phenomenon known as disk tearing.

Evaluation of Different Learning Algorithms of Neural Networks for Drug Dosing Recommendations in Pediatrics.

Publicly accessible databases with evidence-based information on drug dosages for children and adolescents are not available in Germany. In previous work a prototypical web-based online platform for pediatric dosing recommendation has been developed. Quality assured maintenance of such a database is a time consuming effort.

Mapping the Entire Record-An Alternative Approach to Data Access from Medical Logic Modules.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe an alternative approach for accessing electronic medical records (EMRs) from clinical decision support (CDS) functions based on Arden Syntax Medical Logic Modules, which can be paraphrased as "map the entire record."

Methods: Based on an experimental Arden Syntax processor, we implemented a method to transform patient data from a commercial patient data management system (PDMS) to tree-structured documents termed CDS EMRs. They are encoded in a specific XML format that can be directly transformed to Arden Syntax data types by a mapper natively integrated into the processor.

Room-temperature solution-phase epitaxial nucleation of PbS quantum dots on rutile TiO (100).

Owing to its simplicity and versatility, the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method is increasingly being employed to develop low-cost hetero-nanostructured sensitized oxide systems for solar energy conversion, such as solar cells and solar fuels schemes. Understanding the nature of the SILAR quantum dot (QD) nucleation and growth on an insulating oxide is then critical as it will determine the QD density and spatial distribution, as well as the optoelectronic properties of the QD/oxide interfaces ( QD bandgap onset). Here, we demonstrate epitaxial nucleation of lead sulfide (PbS) QDs onto a planar rutile titanium dioxide (100) surface employing the SILAR method.

A method for the graphical modeling of relative temporal constraints.

Searching for patient cohorts in electronic patient data often requires the definition of temporal constraints between the selection criteria. However, beyond a certain degree of temporal complexity, the non-graphical, form-based approaches implemented in current translational research platforms may be limited when modeling such constraints. In our opinion, there is a need for an easily accessible and implementable, fully graphical method for creating temporal queries.

Pan-European Data Harmonization for Biobanks in ADOPT BBMRI-ERIC.

Background: High-quality clinical data and biological specimens are key for medical research and personalized medicine. The Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure-European Research Infrastructure Consortium (BBMRI-ERIC) aims to facilitate access to such biological resources. The accompanying ADOPT BBMRI-ERIC project kick-started BBMRI-ERIC by collecting colorectal cancer data from European biobanks.

In Search for Methods to Support Electronic Patient Recruitment in a Multi-ICU Clinical Trial.

Antimycotics are substances to treat fungal infections, a frequent cause of death on intensive care units. It is of great importance to administer such drugs only to patients who actually need them, since the unnecessary application leads to the selection of multiresistent fungi, making future therapy more difficult, and represents a significant financial burden for the health care system. Within the scope of a prospective study, which analyses the premature discontinuation of the administration of unnecessary antifungal drugs, two software platforms for recruitment support were implemented and compared at the University Hospital Erlangen.

User-Centered Development of an Online Platform for Drug Dosing Recommendations in Pediatrics.

Background: Drug therapy in pediatric patients is a complex process. Children are subject to continuous growth and variation in drug-metabolizing enzyme activity, requiring continuous adaption of dosages. In Germany, currently no publicly available database exists that provides evidence-based information on drug dosages in pediatrics.

Complementing Medical Records with Precalculated Data Items to Facilitate Decision Support and Phenotyping.

The Arden Syntax is a standard for clinical decision support functions in the form of Medical Logic Modules (MLMs). While the data type system of the early versions was limited to flat lists, later versions introduced an object type, supporting complex data structures, even up to entire electronic medical records (EMRs). Such objects are static insofar as their structure cannot be modified at MLM runtime.

A REST Service for the Visualization of Clinical Time Series Data in the Context of Clinical Decision Support.

Background: University Hospital Erlangen provides clinical decision support (CDS) functions in the intensive care setting, that are based on the Arden Syntax standard. These CDS functions generate extensive output, including patient data charts. In the course of the migration of our CDS platform we revised the charting tool because although the tool was generally perceived as useful, the clinical users reported several shortcomings.

An Extension of the Arden Syntax to Facilitate Clinical Document Generation.

While clinical information systems usually store patient records in database tables, human interpretations as well as information transfer between institutions often require that clinical data can be represented as documents. To automate document generation from patient data in conjunction with the rich computational facilities of clinical decision support, we propose a template-based extension of the Arden Syntax, and discuss the benefits and limitations observed during a pilot application for patient recruitment. While the original Arden Syntax supports string concatenation as well as the substitution of unnamed placeholders, we integrated an additional method based on embedding expressions into strings.

Experiences of Transforming a Complex Nephrologic Care and Research Database into i2b2 Using the IDRT Tools.

The secondary use of data from electronic medical records has become an important factor to determine and to identify various causes of disease. For this reason, applications like informatics for integrating biology and the bedside (i2b2) offer a GUI-based front end to select patient cohorts. To make use of those tools, however, clinical data need to be extracted from the Electronic Health Record (EHR) system and integrated into the data schema of i2b2.

Europium Cyclooctatetraene Nanowire Carpets: A Low-Dimensional, Organometallic, and Ferromagnetic Insulator.

We investigate the magnetic and electronic properties of europium cyclooctatetraene (EuCot) nanowires by means of low-temperature X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). The EuCot nanowires are prepared in situ on a graphene surface. STS measurements identify EuCot as an insulator with a minority band gap of 2.

Investigating the Capabilities of FHIR Search for Clinical Trial Phenotyping.

Clinical trials are the foundation of evidence-based medicine and their computerized support has been a recurring theme in medical informatics. One challenging aspect is the representation of eligibility criteria in a machine-readable format to automate the identification of suitable participants. In this study, we investigate the capabilities for expressing trial eligibility criteria via the search functionality specified in HL7 FHIR, an emerging standard for exchanging healthcare information electronically which also defines a set of operations for searching for health record data.

A detailed analysis of the Arden Syntax expression grammar.

Objective: The Arden Syntax for Medical Logic Systems is a standard for encoding and sharing medical knowledge in the form of Medical Logic Modules. To improve accessibility for clinicians, the originators of the standard deliberately designed Arden Syntax expressions to resemble natural language, and parentheses around operands are not generally required. For certain patterns of nested expressions, however, the use of parentheses is mandatory, otherwise they are not accepted by an Arden Syntax environment.

Generalizing the Arden Syntax to a Common Clinical Application Language.

The Arden Syntax for Medical Logic Systems is a standard for encoding and sharing knowledge in the form of Medical Logic Modules (MLMs). Although the Arden Syntax has been designed to meet the requirements of data-driven clinical event monitoring, multiple studies suggest that its language constructs may be suitable for use outside the intended application area and even as a common clinical application language. Such a broader context, however, requires to reconsider some language features.

An Abstraction Layer to Facilitate Technical Interoperability Between Medical Records and Knowledge Modules.

Integrating clinical decision support (CDS) functions into an existing hospital information system (HIS) is often a tedious task. This problem area is so pervasive that the Arden Syntax, a widely used standard for CDS functions, assigned a specific designation, the so-called "curly braces problem". It derives from a pair of curly braces used to encapsulate any parameters required for the interactions with a HIS.

Requirements Analysis for a Clinical Decision Support System Aiming at Improving the Artificial Nutrition of Critically Ill Patients.

Background: Nutrition support is an important aspect regarding the care of critically ill patients. Malnutrition affects the recovery process negatively. However, the impact on the clinical outcome is often underestimated in complex clinical settings due to several factors hindering optimization of nutrition.