"PNP slows down" - linearly-reduced whole body joint velocities and altered gait patterns in polyneuropathy.

Introduction: Gait disturbances are a common consequence of polyneuropathy (PNP) and a major factor in patients' reduced quality of life. Less is known about the underlying mechanisms of PNP-related altered motor behavior and its distribution across the body. We aimed to capture whole body movements in PNP during a clinically relevant mobility test, i.

Abnormal neural oscillations during gait and dual-task in Parkinson's disease.

Gait dysfunctions are debilitating motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and may result in frequent falling with health complications. The contribution of the motor-cognitive network to gait disturbance can be studied more thoroughly by challenging motor-cognitive dual-task gait performances. Gait is a complex motor task that requires an appropriate contribution from motor and cognitive networks, reflected in frequency modulations among several cortical and subcortical networks.

Cognitive task-related oscillations in human internal globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus.

Recently it has been acknowledged that the basal ganglia nuclei play a major role in cognitive control; however, the contribution by their network remains unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in cognitive processing and suggested that its connections to cortical and other associated regions regulate response inhibition during conflict conditions. By contrast, the role of the internal globus pallidus (GPi) as the output nucleus before the thalamic relay has not yet been investigated during cognitive processing.

Cortical and Cerebellar Oscillatory Responses to Postural Instability in Parkinson's Disease.

Posture and balance dysfunctions critically impair activities of daily living of patients with progressing Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the neural mechanisms underlying postural instability in PD are poorly understood, and specific therapies are lacking. Previous electrophysiological studies have shown distinct cortical oscillations with a significant contribution of the cerebellum during postural control tasks in healthy individuals.

Rapid prototyping vaccine approach in mice against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative organisms from clinical isolates based on outer membrane vesicles.

Hospital-acquired infections due to multi-drug resistant Gram-negative organisms (MDRGNO) pose a major threat to global health. A vaccine preventing colonization and consecutive infection with MDRGNO could be particularly valuable, as therapeutic options become increasingly limited. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) of Escherichia coli strain CFT073 as well as three MDRGNO strains that had caused severe infections in humans were administered intranasally to mice, with and without cholera toxin as an adjuvant.

Motion Biomarkers Showing Maximum Contrast Between Healthy Subjects and Parkinson's Disease Patients Treated With Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus. A Pilot Study.

Classic motion abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD), such as tremor, bradykinesia, or rigidity, are well-covered by standard clinical assessments such as the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). However, PD includes motor abnormalities beyond the symptoms and signs as measured by UPDRS, such as the lack of anticipatory adjustments or compromised movement smoothness, which are difficult to assess clinically. Moreover, PD may entail motor abnormalities not yet known.

Qualitative postural control differences in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease vs. Progressive Supranuclear Palsy with dynamic-on-static platform tilt.

Objectives: We aimed to assess whether postural abnormalities in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) and Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD) are qualitatively different by analysing spontaneous and reactive postural control.

Methods: We assessed postural control upon platform tilts in 17 PSP, 11 IPD patients and 18 healthy control subjects using a systems analysis approach.

Results: Spontaneous sway abnormalities in PSP resembled those of IPD patients.

Postural Stabilization Differences in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy during Self-Triggered Fast Forward Weight Lifting.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and late-stage idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) are neurodegenerative movement disorders resulting in different postural instability and falling symptoms. IPD falls occur usually forward in late stage, whereas PSP falls happen in early stages, mostly backward, unprovoked, and with high morbidity. Self-triggered, weighted movements appear to provoke falls in IPD, but not in PSP.

Neck Vibration Proprioceptive Postural Response Intact in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy unlike Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and late-stage idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) are neurodegenerative movement disorders resulting in different postural instability and falling symptoms. IPD falls occur usually forward in late stage, whereas PSP falls happen in early stages, mostly backward, unprovoked, and with high morbidity. Postural responses to sensory anteroposterior tilt illusion by bilateral dorsal neck vibration were probed in both groups versus healthy controls on a static recording posture platform.

Intermediate Latency-Evoked Potentials of Multimodal Cortical Vestibular Areas: Galvanic Stimulation.

Introduction: Human multimodal vestibular cortical regions are bilaterally anterior insulae and posterior opercula, where characteristic vestibular-related cortical potentials were previously reported under acoustic otolith stimulation. Galvanic vestibular stimulation likely influences semicircular canals preferentially. Galvanic stimulation was compared to previously established data under acoustic stimulation.

Effects of high-frequency stimulation of the internal pallidal segment on neuronal activity in the thalamus in parkinsonian monkeys.

Deep brain stimulation of the internal globus pallidus (GPi) is a major treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease. The effects of this intervention on electrical activity patterns in targets of GPi output, specifically in the thalamus, are poorly understood. The experiments described here examined these effects using electrophysiological recordings in two Rhesus monkeys rendered moderately parkinsonian through treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), after sampling control data in the same animals.

Anatomical localization of Cav3.1 calcium channels and electrophysiological effects of T-type calcium channel blockade in the motor thalamus of MPTP-treated monkeys.

Conventional anti-Parkinsonian dopamine replacement therapy is often complicated by side effects that limit the use of these medications. There is a continuing need to develop nondopaminergic approaches to treat Parkinsonism. One such approach is to use medications that normalize dopamine depletion-related firing abnormalities in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry.

Movement kinematic after deep brain stimulation associated microlesions.

Backgrounds: Deep brain stimulation is widely used for the treatment of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and dystonia. After the implantation of electrodes an immediate improvement of clinical symptoms has been described. It is unclear, whether movement kinematics are also changed by this 'microlesion effect'.

Pattern of local field potential activity in the globus pallidus internum of dystonic patients during walking on a treadmill.

The basal ganglia (BG) are involved in gait. This notion is exemplified by observations that gait is disturbed by most diseases that affect the BG. However, it is unclear in what way the BG are activated during gait.

Vestibular-neck interaction in cerebellar patients.

Vestibulospinal reflexes are important for upright stance and locomotor control. Information from both the vestibular and the proprioceptive system must be combined centrally to guarantee appropriate compensation for a physical disturbance. Recent single-unit recordings from the monkey demonstrated vestibulo-proprioceptive interaction in the fastigial nucleus (deep cerebellar nucleus).