Effects of low and high dietary nitrate intake on human saliva, plasma and skeletal muscle nitrate and nitrite concentrations and their functional consequences.

Dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP), improve exercise performance, and alter the oral microbiome. Following a "control" diet (CON), we manipulated dietary NO intake to examine the effect of a short-term (7-day) low NO diet (LOW) followed by a 3-day high NO diet (HIGH), compared to a 7-day standard (STD) NO diet followed by HIGH, on saliva, plasma, and muscle [NO] and nitrite ([NO]), BP, and cycling exercise performance in healthy young adults. We also examined the effect of LOW on the oral microbiome.

Relationships between nitric oxide biomarkers and physiological outcomes following dietary nitrate supplementation.

Dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation can increase nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, reduce blood pressure (BP) and improve muscle contractile function in humans. Plasma nitrite concentration (plasma [NO]) is the most oft-used biomarker of NO bioavailability. However, it is unclear which of several NO biomarkers (NO, NO, S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs)) in plasma, whole blood (WB), red blood cells (RBC) and skeletal muscle correlate with the physiological effects of acute and chronic dietary NO supplementation.

Reduction in blood pressure following acute dietary nitrate ingestion is correlated with increased red blood cell S-nitrosothiol concentrations.

Dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation can enhance nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and lower blood pressure (BP) in humans. The nitrite concentration ([NO]) in the plasma is the most commonly used biomarker of increased NO availability. However, it is unknown to what extent changes in other NO congeners, such as S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs), and in other blood components, such as red blood cells (RBC), also contribute to the BP lowering effects of dietary NO.

N-labeled dietary nitrate supplementation increases human skeletal muscle nitrate concentration and improves muscle torque production.

Aim: Dietary nitrate (NO ) supplementation increases nitric oxide bioavailability and can enhance exercise performance. We investigated the distribution and metabolic fate of ingested NO at rest and during exercise with a focus on skeletal muscle.

Methods: In a randomized, crossover study, 10 healthy volunteers consumed 12.

Estimating nitrate intake in the Australian diet: Design and validation of a food frequency questionnaire.

Background: Dietary nitrates may play a role in mediating several key physiological processes impacting health and/or exercise performance. However, current methods for assessing dietary nitrate (NO ) consumption are inadequate. The present study aimed to examine the dietary nitrate intake in a sample of 50 healthy adults, as well as test the validity of a purposefully developed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).

Time course of human skeletal muscle nitrate and nitrite concentration changes following dietary nitrate ingestion.

Dietary nitrate (NO) ingestion can be beneficial for health and exercise performance. Recently, based on animal and limited human studies, a skeletal muscle NO reservoir has been suggested to be important in whole body nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the time course of changes in human skeletal muscle NO concentration ([NO]) following the ingestion of dietary NO.

Highly Cushioned Shoes Improve Running Performance in Both the Absence and Presence of Muscle Damage.

Purpose: We tested the hypotheses that a highly cushioned running shoe (HCS) would 1) improve incremental exercise performance and reduce the oxygen cost (Oc) of submaximal running, and 2) attenuate the deterioration in Oc elicited by muscle damage consequent to a downhill run.

Methods: Thirty-two recreationally active participants completed an incremental treadmill test in an HCS and a control running shoe (CON) for the determination of Oc and maximal performance. Subsequently, participants were pair matched and randomly assigned to one of the two footwear conditions to perform a moderate-intensity running bout before and 48 h after a 30-min downhill run designed to elicit muscle damage.

S-nitrosothiols, and other products of nitrate metabolism, are increased in multiple human blood compartments following ingestion of beetroot juice.

Ingested inorganic nitrate (NO⁻) has multiple effects in the human body including vasodilation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and improved skeletal muscle function. The functional effects of oral NO⁻ involve the in vivo reduction of NO⁻ to nitrite (NO⁻) and thence to nitric oxide (NO). However, the potential involvement of S-nitrosothiol (RSNO) formation is unclear.

Human skeletal muscle nitrate store: influence of dietary nitrate supplementation and exercise.

Key Points: Nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator and a regulator of many physiological processes, is produced in mammals both enzymatically and by reduction of nitrite and nitrate ions. We have previously reported that, in rodents, skeletal muscle serves as a nitrate reservoir, with nitrate levels greatly exceeding those in blood or other internal organs, and with nitrate being reduced to NO during exercise. In the current study, we show that nitrate concentration is substantially greater in skeletal muscle than in blood and is elevated further by dietary nitrate ingestion in human volunteers.

Discrete physiological effects of beetroot juice and potassium nitrate supplementation following 4-wk sprint interval training.

The physiological and exercise performance adaptations to sprint interval training (SIT) may be modified by dietary nitrate ([Formula: see text]) supplementation. However, it is possible that different types of [Formula: see text] supplementation evoke divergent physiological and performance adaptations to SIT. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 4-wk SIT with and without concurrent dietary [Formula: see text] supplementation administered as either [Formula: see text]-rich beetroot juice (BR) or potassium [Formula: see text] (KNO).