Diagnostic Utility of Artificial Intelligence-assisted Transperineal Biopsy Planning in Prostate Cancer Suspected Men: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background And Objective: Accurate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporting is essential for transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB) planning. Although approved computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tools may assist urologists in this task, evidence of improved clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to document the diagnostic utility of using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) and CAD for biopsy planning compared with PI-RADS alone.

Identification of myeloid-derived growth factor as a mechanically-induced, growth-promoting angiocrine signal for human hepatocytes.

Recently, we have shown that after partial hepatectomy (PHx), an increased hepatic blood flow initiates liver growth in mice by vasodilation and mechanically-triggered release of angiocrine signals. Here, we use mass spectrometry to identify a mechanically-induced angiocrine signal in human hepatic endothelial cells, that is, myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF). We show that it induces proliferation and promotes survival of primary human hepatocytes derived from different donors in two-dimensional cell culture, via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3).

International Hepato-Pancreato-Billiary Association (IHPBA) registry study on COVID-19 infections in HPB surgery patients.

Background: In response to the pandemic, the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (IHPBA) developed the IHPBA-COVID Registry to capture data on HPB surgery outcomes in COVID-positive patients prior to mass vaccination programs. The aim was to provide a tool to help members gain a better understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on patient outcomes following HPB surgery worldwide.

Methods: An online registry updated in real time was disseminated to all IHPBA, E-AHPBA, A-HPBA and A-PHPBA members to assess the effects of the pandemic on the outcomes of HPB procedures, perioperative COVID-19 management and other aspects of surgical care.

Computer-assisted intraoperative 3D-navigation for liver surgery: a prospective randomized-controlled pilot study.

Background: Liver surgery is the standard of care for primary and many secondary liver tumors. Due to variability and complexity in liver anatomy preoperative imaging is necessary to determine resectability and for planning the surgical strategy. In the last few years, computer-assisted resection planning has been introduced in liver surgery.

Implementation of deep learning in liver pathology optimizes diagnosis of benign lesions and adenocarcinoma metastasis.

Introduction: Differentiation of histologically similar structures in the liver, including anatomical structures, benign bile duct lesions, or common types of liver metastases, can be challenging with conventional histological tissue sections alone. Accurate histopathological classification is paramount for the diagnosis and adequate treatment of the disease. Deep learning algorithms have been proposed for objective and consistent assessment of digital histopathological images.

The Optimal Fluid Strategy Matters in Liver Surgery: A Retrospective Single Centre Analysis of 666 Consecutive Liver Resections.

As optimal intraoperative fluid management in liver surgery has not been established, we retrospectively analyzed our fluid strategy in a high-volume liver surgery center in 666 liver resections. Intraoperative fluid management was divided into very restrictive (<10 m kg h) and normal (≥10 mL kg h) groups for study group characterization. The primary endpoint was morbidity as assessed by the Clavien-Dindo (CD) score and the comprehensive complication index (CCI).

Elderly Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Benefit from Liver Transplantation as Much as Younger Ones.

Introduction: The literature on liver transplantation (LT) for cirrhosis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (cirr-HCC) in elderly patients (≥65 years of age) is scarce. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the outcome after LT for cirr-HCC in elderly patients in our single-center experience.

Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent LT for cirr-HCC at our center were identified from our prospectively collected LT database and stratified into an elderly (≥65 years) and a younger (<65 years) cohort.

[Robotics in Liver Surgery - Tips and Tricks].

Since minimally invasive liver surgery has proven benefits over open surgery, this technique should also be implemented more broadly in Germany. With the dramatic development in minimally invasive and robotic liver surgery, this approach has been established in recent years. Most recent analyses suggest lower complication rates, blood loss and hospital stay compared to open and laparoscopic liver surgery.

Microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma predicts microvascular invasion of its recurrence: potential implications for salvage liver transplantation?

Background: Microvascular invasion (MVI) can only be assessed on a full surgical specimen. We aimed at evaluating, whether the histology of the primary tumor is predictive of MVI in a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence.

Methods: Patients, who underwent liver resection or orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for recurrent HCC from January 2001 until June 2018 were eligible for this retrospective analysis.

Numerical Investigation of the Particle Dynamics in a Rotorgranulator Depending on the Properties of the Coating Liquid.

In the pharmaceutical industry, the coating of particles is a widely used technique to obtain desired surface modifications of the final product, e.g., controlled release of the active agents.

Mixed Hepatocellular Cholangiocarcinoma: A Comparison of Survival between Mixed Tumors, Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma from a Single Center.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver malignancy, followed by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). In addition, there is a mixed form for which only limited data are available. The aim of this study was to compare recurrence and survival of the mixed form within the cohorts of patients with HCC and ICC from a single center.

IL-17A-producing CD8 T cells promote PDAC via induction of inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts.

Objective: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by an abundant desmoplastic stroma composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and interspersed immune cells. A non-canonical CD8 T-cell subpopulation producing IL-17A (Tc17) promotes autoimmunity and has been identified in tumours. Here, we evaluated the Tc17 role in PDAC.

Microscale Modeling of Frozen Particle Fluid Systems with a Bonded-Particle Model Method.

An inventive microscale simulation approach is applied to investigate the mechanics of frozen particle fluid systems (PFS). The simulation is based on the discrete element method (DEM) and bonded-particle model (BPM) approach. Discrete particles connected by solid bonds represent frozen agglomerates.

Hierarchical Coarse-Grained Strategy for Macromolecular Self-Assembly: Application to Hepatitis B Virus-Like Particles.

Macromolecular self-assembly is at the basis of many phenomena in material and life sciences that find diverse applications in technology. One example is the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs) that act as stable empty capsids used for drug delivery or vaccine fabrication. Similarly to the capsid of a virus, VLPs are protein assemblies, but their structural formation, stability, and properties are not fully understood, especially as a function of the protein modifications.

Potential role of the bitter taste receptor T2R14 in the prolonged survival and enhanced chemoresponsiveness induced by apigenin.

Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are G protein‑coupled receptors originally detected in the gustatory system. More recently, T2Rs have been shown to be expressed in extra‑oral cells eliciting non‑gustatory functions. Emerging evidence has suggested a potential role for T2R signaling in diverse pathophysiological conditions, including cancer.

Outcome after Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Noncirrhotic Liver-A Single Centre Study.

Liver cirrhosis is the most common risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, 10 to 15% of all HCC arise in a non-cirrhotic liver. Few reliable data exist on outcome after liver resection in a non-cirrhotic liver.

Evaluation of systematic prostate biopsies when performing transperineal MRI/TRUS fusion biopsy with needle tracking-what is the additional value?

Purpose: To evaluate the additional value of systematic biopsies (SB) when performing transperineal MRI/TRUS fusion biopsies (MRI/TRUS TPBx) with needle tracking.

Methods: From January 2019 to March 2021 969 Patients after a MRI/TRUS TPBx were evaluated separately for target biopsies (TB) and systematic biopsies regarding PCa detection and PCa risk evaluation. Needle tracking in the axial sequences of multiparametric MRI was used to assess the localisation of the detected PCa in the biopsy cores related to the reported PI-RADS lesions.

[Liver Surgery 4.0 - Planning, Volumetry, Navigation and Virtual Reality].

Due to the optimisation of conservative treatment, the improvement of imaging methods and the continuous development of surgical techniques, the borders of resectability in liver surgery have changed significantly in recent decades.Thanks to numerous technical developments, in particular three-dimensional segmentation, preoperative planning and orientation during the operation itself, can now be facilitated, especially in complex procedures.New technologies such as 3D printing as well as virtual and augmented reality offer additional display options for the patients' individual anatomy.

[Liver metastases-Non-colorectal, non-endocrine].

In contrast to colorectal and neuroendocrine liver metastases, liver surgery has not yet gained the same status for non-colorectal non-endocrine (NCNE) liver metastases. The main explanation is a different tumor biology but is also due to the lack of effective systemic treatment options for some tumor entities in the past. Even selected chemotherapy-naive patients with NCNE liver metastases can benefit from liver resection.

Stress Granules Determine the Development of Obesity-Associated Pancreatic Cancer.

Unlabelled: Obesity is a global epidemic and a major predisposing factor for cancer. Increasing evidence shows that obesity-associated stress is a key driver of cancer risk and progression. Previous work has identified the phase-separation organelles, stress granules (SG), as mutant KRAS-dependent mediators of stress adaptation.

Influence of intraoperative fluid replacement on ampicillin serum levels and surgical site infections.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) occur despite antimicrobial prophylaxis and increase postoperative morbidity and mortality. This could be caused by an intraoperative decrease in antibiotic serum concentrations such as ampicillin after major abdominal surgery due to blood loss and fluid therapy, which possibly promotes SSI. This hypothesis was tested in the present study.

Patient-individualized resection planning in liver surgery using 3D print and virtual reality (i-LiVR)-a study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: A multitude of different diseases-benign and malign-can require surgery of the liver. The liver is an especially challenging organ for resection planning due to its unique and interindividually variable anatomy. This demands a high amount of mental imagination from the surgeon in order to plan accordingly - a skill, which takes years of training to acquire and which is difficult to teach.

[Extended Liver Resection with Complex Vascular Reconstruction in Locally Advanced Alveolar Echinococcosis].

Background: Hepatic echinococcosis is rare in Germany. Liver resection is a potentially curative treatment, if a complete resection according to oncological standards can be achieved. Due to the infiltrating growth of E.

Transforming Growth Factor-β Activated Kinase 1 (Tak1) Is Activated in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Mediates Tumor Progression, and Predicts Unfavorable Outcome.

Although knowledge on inflammatory signaling pathways driving cancer initiation and progression has been increasing, molecular mechanisms in hepatocarcinogenesis are still far from being completely understood. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of the MAPKKK Tak1 in mice recapitulates important steps of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, including the occurrence of cell death, steatohepatitis, dysplastic nodules, and HCCs. However, overactivation of Tak1 in mice upon deletion of its deubiquitinase Cyld also results in steatohepatitis and HCC development.