Amine Adsorbents Stability for Post-Combustion CO Capture: Determination and Validation of Laboratory Degradation Rates in a Multi-staged Fluidized Bed Pilot Plant.

Alternative to current liquid amine technologies for post-combustion CO capture, new technologies such as adsorbent-based processes are developed, wherein material lifetime and degradation is important. Herein a robust method to determine degradation rates in a laboratory setup is developed, which was validated with a continuous multi-staged fluidized bed pilot plant designed to capture 1 ton CO per day. An amine functionalized polystyrene adsorbent showed very good agreement between the experimental 1000-hour laboratory degradation rates and 2200 hours of degradation in a pilot plant.

Selective Co-Encapsulation Inside an M L Cage.

There is broad interest in molecular encapsulation as such systems can be utilized to stabilize guests, facilitate reactions inside a cavity, or give rise to energy-transfer processes in a confined space. Detailed understanding of encapsulation events is required to facilitate functional molecular encapsulation. In this contribution, it is demonstrated that Ir and Rh-Cp-type metal complexes can be encapsulated inside a self-assembled M L metallocage only in the presence of an aromatic compound as a second guest.

Self-assembled nanospheres with multiple endohedral binding sites pre-organize catalysts and substrates for highly efficient reactions.

Tuning reagent and catalyst concentrations is crucial in the development of efficient catalytic transformations. In enzyme-catalysed reactions the substrate is bound-often by multiple non-covalent interactions-in a well-defined pocket close to the active site of the enzyme; this pre-organization facilitates highly efficient transformations. Here we report an artificial system that co-encapsulates multiple catalysts and substrates within the confined space defined by an M12L24 nanosphere that contains 24 endohedral guanidinium-binding sites.

Transition metal catalysis in confined spaces.

Transition metal catalysis plays an important role in both industry and in academia where selectivity, activity and stability are crucial parameters to control. Next to changing the structure of the ligand, introducing a confined space as a second coordination sphere around a metal catalyst has recently been shown to be a viable method to induce new selectivity and activity in transition metal catalysis. In this review we focus on supramolecular strategies to encapsulate transition metal complexes with the aim of controlling the selectivity via the second coordination sphere.

Gold(I) catalysis at extreme concentrations inside self-assembled nanospheres.

Homogeneous transition-metal catalysis is a crucial technology for the sustainable preparation of valuable chemicals. The catalyst concentration is usually kept as low as possible, typically at mM or μM levels, and the effect of high catalyst concentration is hardly exploited because of solubility issues and the inherent unfavorable catalyst/substrate ratio. Herein, a self-assembly strategy is reported which leads to local catalyst concentrations ranging from 0.

In situ phosphine oxide reduction: a catalytic Appel reaction.

Several important reactions in organic chemistry thrive on stoichiometric formation of phosphine oxides from phosphines. To avoid the resulting burden of waste and purification, cyclic phosphine oxides were evaluated for new catalytic reactions based on in situ regeneration. First, the ease of silane-mediated reduction of a range of cyclic phosphine oxides was explored.