ProDOL: a general method to determine the degree of labeling for staining optimization and molecular counting.

Determining the label to target ratio, also known as the degree of labeling (DOL), is crucial for quantitative fluorescence microscopy and a high DOL with minimal unspecific labeling is beneficial for fluorescence microscopy in general. Yet robust, versatile and easy-to-use tools for measuring cell-specific labeling efficiencies are not available. Here we present a DOL determination technique named protein-tag DOL (ProDOL), which enables fast quantification and optimization of protein-tag labeling.

Substantial Differences in Proanthocyanidin Contents among Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extracts in Herbal Medicinal Products Obtained from the German Market.

Pharmacologic activity of proanthocyanidins in leaf extract has recently been reported. The objective of the present study was to screen proanthocyanidin contents in herbal medicinal products containing extracts. A recently published HPLC method for quantification of proanthocyanidins in leaf extract EGb 761 was adopted to also be suitable for finished herbal medicinal products.

Aggregation of N-Heteropolycyclic Aromatic Molecules: The Acridine Dimer and Trimer.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitrogen-substituted analogues are of great interest for various applications in organic electronics. The performance of such devices is determined not only by the properties of the single molecules, but also by the structure of their aggregates, which often form via self-aggregation. Gaining insight into such aggregation processes is a challenging task, but crucial for a fine-tuning of the materials properties.

Isolated Dimers Versus Solid-State Dimers of N-Heteropolycycles: Matrix-Isolation Spectroscopy in Concert with Quantum Chemistry.

In this work, matrix-isolation spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations are used together to analyse the structure and properties of weakly bound dimers of the two isomers benzo[a]acridine and benzo[c]acridine. Our measured experimental electronic absorbance spectra agree with simulated spectra calculated for the equilibrium structures of the dimers in gas-phase, but in contrast, disagree with the simulated spectra calculated for the structures obtained by optimising the experimental solid-state structures. This highlights the sensitivity of the electronic excitations with respect to the dimer structures.

HPLC-UV/HRMS methods for the unambiguous detection of adulterations of leaves with fruits on an extract level.

Context: L. (Ginkgoaceae) leaf extract is one of the most frequently sold herbal extracts. There have been reports on poor quality and adulteration of ginkgo leaf extracts or the powdered plant material with extracts or powder of (L.

A Detailed View on the Proanthocyanidins in Ginkgo Extract EGb 761.

The Ginkgo extract EGb 761 manufactured with leaves of has been continuously produced over decades at a large scale and is used as a clinically proven remedy for, among other things, the improvement of age-associated cognitive impairment and quality of life in patients with mild dementia. It belongs to the class of extracts addressed as quantified extracts according to the European Pharmacopeia. Accordingly, several compounds (e.

High-Resolution Electronic Excitation and Emission Spectra of Pentacene and 6,13-Diazapentacene Monomers and Weakly Bound Dimers by Matrix-Isolation Spectroscopy.

N-Heteropolycycles are among the most promising candidates for applications in organic devices. For this purpose, a profound understanding of the low-energy electronic absorbance and emission characteristics is of crucial importance. Herein, we report high-resolution absorbance and fluorescence spectra of pentacene (PEN) and 6,13-diazapentacene (DAP) in solid neon obtained using the matrix-isolation technique.

Benzopyranones and their sulfate esters from Pelargonium sidoides.

Investigation of the benzopyranones from the roots of PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES led to the identification of 15 benzopyranones, among them the novel compounds 12 and 14. Furthermore, benzopyranones 4 and 15 were detected in PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES for the first time. Structure determinations were performed by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.

A detailed view on the constituents of EPs 7630.

Extracts of PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES, commonly known as EPs 7630, are produced by extraction of milled roots with 11 % (w/w) ethanol in water. This solvent leads to a spectrum of constituents which differs significantly from extracts obtained by extraction with non-polar solvents. EPs 7630 is composed of six main groups of constituents, namely unsubstituted and substituted oligomeric prodelphinidins, monomeric and oligomeric carbohydrates, minerals, peptides, purine derivatives and highly substituted benzopyranones.