Chemical Diversity of Citrus Leaf Essential Oils.

The essential oils from leaves of 20 commercial citrus accessions maintained by the University of California, Riverside Givaudan Citrus Variety Collection and selected on the basis of their odor profile were analyzed by GCMS/FID. The main components were quantified while the semi-quantitative percentage composition data was compiled with data from other publications for sample visualization, classification and comparison with leaf oils from other citrus accessions. Some compositional clusters aligned closely with the taxonomic clades of sweet orange, bitter orange, and C.

Metal hypersensitivity in patients with orthopaedic implant complications-A retrospective clinical study.

Background: Hypersensitivity to metals as a cause of implant-related complications has been a subject of controversy. Projections indicate an increase in the frequency of joint replacements of between 300% and 600% by the year 2030; therefore, this issue is of considerable interest.

Objective: To evaluate sensitization to implant materials in patients with implant-related complications, to identify allergens, and to clarify whether hypersensitivity is a relevant cause.

Novel menthol-derived cooling compounds activate primary and second-order trigeminal sensory neurons and modulate lingual thermosensitivity.

We presently investigated 2 novel menthol derivatives GIV1 and GIV2, which exhibit strong cooling effects. In previous human psychophysical studies, GIV1 delivered in a toothpaste medium elicited a cooling sensation that was longer lasting compared with GIV2 and menthol carboxamide (WS-3). In the current study, we investigated the molecular and cellular effects of these cooling agents.

Modulation of bitter taste perception by a small molecule hTAS2R antagonist.

Human bitter taste is mediated by the hTAS2R family of G protein-coupled receptors. The discovery of the hTAS2Rs enables the potential to develop specific bitter receptor antagonists that could be beneficial as chemical probes to examine the role of bitter receptor function in gustatory and nongustatory tissues. In addition, they could have widespread utility in food and beverages fortified with vitamins, antioxidants, and other nutraceuticals, because many of these have unwanted bitter aftertastes.

Activation of lumbar spinal wide-dynamic range neurons by a sanshool derivative.

The enigmatic sensation of tingle involves the activation of primary sensory neurons by hydroxy-alpha-sanshool, a tingly agent in Szechuan peppers, by inhibiting two-pore potassium channels. Central mechanisms mediating tingle sensation are unknown. We investigated whether a stable derivative of sanshool-isobutylalkenyl amide (IBA)-excites wide-dynamic range (WDR) spinal neurons that participate in transmission of chemesthetic information from the skin.