[Trochlearis palsy due to chronic sinusitis].

Chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis are common rhinological diagnoses. Left untreated both diseases can result in visual dysfunctions because of their close proximity to orbita. We report a rare case of an isolated trochlear nerve palsy caused by chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis.

[Ectopic tooth as a rare cause of foreign body reaction of the nose].

This is a case report of a 71-year-old male with three months of gradually increasing irritation, secretion and right-sided nasal stenosis. The patient had not experienced any facial trauma nor had he had any previous surgical intervention to the nasal or oral cavity. An examination of the nasal cavity raised the suspicion of a foreign body in the right nasal floor.

[The sweet Christmas rash].

Christmas tree hypersensitivity is a rare condition, which has so far obtained scarce attention in the medical literature. We present two clinical cases of hypersensitivity associated with Christmas tree exposure, a 51-year-old woman with allergic contact dermatitis and a 41-year-old man with allergic rhinitis. The female patient had a positive patch test reaction to colophony, and the male patient had a positive skin prick test reaction to alternaria mould.

Local pulmonary administration of factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) - a review of a new treatment paradigm.

Background: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a clinical syndrome with typical symptoms dyspnea and hemoptysis. DAH is a complication of specific diseases, in some cases with acute catastrophic hemoptysis, while other patients present low grade alveolar bleeding with a need of chronic transfusion as in pulmonary hemosiderosis.

Methods: Current literature in the PubMed database and other sources was reviewed in order to evaluate the current treatment recommendations, efficacy of this treatment, and finally the risk of complications after off-label use of rFVIIa in respect to DAH.

The immunomodulatory effect of inhaled granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in cystic fibrosis. A new treatment paradigm.

Background: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience recurrent infections and develop chronically infected lungs, which initiates an altered immunological alveolar environment. End-stage pulmonary dysfunction is a result of a long sequence of complex events in CF, progressing to alveolar macrophage dysfunction via a T-helper 2 (T(H)2) dominated alveolar inflammation with CD20 T-cell activation, induced by the chronic infection and showing a poor prognosis. There is great potential for treatment in transforming the T(H)2 into the more favorable T-helper 1 (T(H)1) response.

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) - treatment of the reduced host defense.

Background: The current radiation threat from the Fukushima power plant accident has prompted rethinking of the contingency plan for prophylaxis and treatment of the acute radiation syndrome (ARS). The well-documented effect of the growth factors (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF] and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) in acute radiation injury has become standard treatment for ARS in the United States, based on the fact that growth factors increase number and functions of both macrophages and granulocytes.

Methods: Review of the current literature.

Season of birth and risk of atopic disease among children and adolescents.

Background: Season of birth (SOB) has been regarded as a risk factor for atopy. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between season of birth (SOB) and later development of atopic disease in children and adolescents.

Methods: A total of 1,007 randomly selected subjects, 7 to 17 years of age, who were living in urban Copenhagen, Denmark were studied.

Quality of care in patients with asthma and rhinitis treated by respiratory specialists and primary care physicians: a 3-year randomized and prospective follow-up study.

Background: Previous studies evaluating asthma care provided by primary care providers and respiratory specialists (RSs) are limited by short observation periods and nonrandomized designs.

Objective: To evaluate long-term outcomes in patients with asthma and rhinitis randomly selected to be cared for by RSs or primary care specialists.

Methods: In a randomized, 3-year, longitudinal study, 472 patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis were cared for by RSs or primary care physicians.

Associations of a novel IL4RA polymorphism, Ala57Thr, in Greenlander Inuit.

Background: A novel IL4RA polymorphism, Ala57Thr, was identified in Greenlander Inuit.

Objective: We sought to determine whether the novel Thr57 allele is population specific and to assess the associations of Ala57Thr and Ile50Val with atopy in 2 Inuit populations.

Methods: Ala57Thr and Ile50Val were genotyped in 651 Inuit living in Denmark, 1295 Inuit living in Greenland, and 1329 individuals from 7 populations from widely differing global locations.

Risk factors for onset of asthma: a 12-year prospective follow-up study.

Background: Asthma development and prognosis have been studied extensively in at-risk populations, but knowledge of the natural history of asthma in the general population is limited.

Objective: To describe the incidence and remission of asthma and its predictors, data from a 12-year follow-up study of a random population sample (n = 291; age range, 7 to 17 years) at enrollment, were analyzed.

Methods: The sample was examined in 1986 and in 1998.

Chronic mucus hypersecretion: a marker of asthma in young adults?

Objective: To investigate if chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) can be used as a marker of asthma in young adults.

Study Design And Setting: Cross-sectional study of a population sample of young Danish adults (n=624, 279 males), aged 19-29 years. Case history, including tobacco exposure and respiratory symptoms, was obtained by questionnaire.

Outcome in adulthood of asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine and exercise-induced bronchospasm in childhood.

Background: Studies of the clinical outcome in adulthood of asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to histamine or exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) detected in childhood in general population samples are sparse and have produced conflicting results.

Objective: To describe the outcome of asymptomatic AHR to histamine and EIB.

Methods: Data from a 12-year follow-up study of a random population sample of individuals aged 7 to 17 years at enrollment were analyzed; only individuals without asthma at enrollment were included in the analysis.

Unawareness and undertreatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis in a general population.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to determine the extent of unawareness and undertreatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis in an adolescent and adult population in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Methods: Patients with asthma and rhinitis were recruited by a standardised asthma and rhinitis screening questionnaire. Out of a random sample of 10,877 subjects aged 14-44 years, 1149 subjects were treated or reported symptoms of asthma or rhinitis and agreed to participate.

Association between asthma-related phenotypes and the CC16 A38G polymorphism in an unselected population of young adult Danes.

The gene for Clara cell 16-kDa (CC16) protein is a promising candidate for asthma susceptibility. The CC16 38A allele has been associated with decreased CC16 plasma levels and increased incidence of asthma in Australian children. To date these results have not been replicated in adults.

Respiratory symptoms in greenlanders living in Greenland and Denmark: a population-based study.

Background: Knowledge of respiratory diseases in an arctic population with increasingly westernized lifestyles provides the opportunity to obtain new information in this field.

Objective: To investigate the influence of environment and lifestyle on the presence of respiratory symptoms in a genetically homogenous population sample living under widely differing conditions.

Methods: Greenland is a part of Denmark, but its climate is mainly arctic, as opposed to the temperate climate of southern Denmark.

In vitro diagnostic evaluation of patients with inhalant allergies: summary of probability outcomes comparing results of CLA- and CAP-specific immunoglobulin E test systems.

For the diagnosis of allergy, presence of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) usually is established either by allergen skin tests or by in vitro allergen-specific IgE measurements. However, in vitro assays of specific IgE often are modified as manufacturers improve allergens or change reagents to optimize test performance, affecting the diagnostic performance of in vitro allergen-specific IgE assays. This investigation compares the diagnostic outcomes of the Hitachi Chemical Diagnostics chemiluminescent assay (CLA) and Pharmacia, capsulated hydrophilic carrier polymer (CAP) in vitro allergen-specific IgE test methods in patients with inhalant allergy to a panel of selected allergens.

Factors associated with asthma in young Danish adults.

Background: The prevalence of asthma appears to be increasing, but our knowledge about factors associated with asthma in young adults is limited. Factors associated with asthma were studied in 624 (66% of those invited) young Danish adults (aged 19 to 29 years).

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of asthma in young Danish adults.