σ-Noninnocence: Masked Phenyl-Cation Transfer at Formal Ni.

Reductive elimination is an elementary organometallic reaction step involving a formal oxidation state change of -2 at a transition-metal center. For a series of formal high-valent Ni complexes, aryl-CF bond-forming reductive elimination was reported to occur readily (Bour et al. J.

Citrullination Controls Dendritic Cell Transdifferentiation into Osteoclasts.

An increased repertoire of potential osteoclast (OC) precursors could accelerate the development of bone-erosive OCs and the consequent bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Immature dendritic cells (DCs) can develop into OCs, however, the mechanisms underlying this differentiation switch are poorly understood. We investigated whether protein citrullination and RA-specific anti-citrullinated protein Abs (ACPAs) could regulate human blood-derived DC-OC transdifferentiation.

How Is End-of-Life Care With and Without Dementia Associated With Informal Caregivers' Outcomes?

Background: Palliative care for older people with life-limiting diseases often involves informal caregivers, but the palliative care literature seldom focuses on the negative and positive aspects of informal caregiving.

Objective: To assess the association of proximity to end of life (EOL) and dementia caregiving with informal caregivers' burden of care and positive experiences and explain differences in outcomes.

Design: Data on 1267 informal caregivers of community-dwelling older people were selected from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey and analyzed using analysis of variance and multivariable regression analyses.

Spiritual care provided by nursing home physicians: a nationwide survey.

Objective: To examine perceptions and experiences regarding providing spiritual care at the end of life of elderly care physicians practising in nursing homes in the Netherlands, and factors associated with spiritual care provision.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was sent to a representative sample of 642 elderly care physicians requesting information about their last patient who died and the spiritual care they provided. We compared their general perception of spiritual care with spiritual and other items abstracted from the literature and variables associated with the physicians' provision of spiritual care.

Eye Movement Perimetry and Frequency Doubling Perimetry: clinical performance and patient preference during glaucoma screening.

Purpose: To evaluate the screening accuracy of an Eye Movement Perimetry (EMP) in comparison with Frequency Doubling Perimetry (FDP) and to investigate the patient preference and perception towards these visual field screening methods.

Methods: A total of 104 healthy subjects (mean age (SD) of 48 (14) years) and 73 glaucoma patients (mean age (SD) of 52 (13) years) were recruited. All the participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation including the 24-2 SITA standard protocol on the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA).

Nursing staff needs in providing palliative care for people with dementia at home or in long-term care facilities: A scoping review.

Background: Nursing staff caring for people with dementia have a crucial role in addressing palliative care needs and identifying changes in health status. Palliative care for people with dementia is complex and requires specific competences. A lack thereof may lead to unnecessary hospitalizations, poor symptom control and undesirable burdensome treatments.

Dementia and Parkinson's Disease: Similar and Divergent Challenges in Providing Palliative Care.

Dementia and Parkinson's disease are incurable neurological conditions. Patients often experience specific, complex, and varying needs along their disease trajectory. Current management typically employs a multidisciplinary team approach.

Processing speed in perceptual visual crowding.

In this study, a perceptual visual crowding paradigm was designed to quantitatively assess the detection speed of (un)crowded meaningful visual targets using eye-movement responses. This paradigm was tested in individuals with dyslexia and age-matched controls. Trials were shown on a monitor with an integrated eye tracker to 25 control and 11 dyslexic subjects without any known ocular problems.

Care staff's self-efficacy regarding end-of-life communication in the long-term care setting: Results of the PACE cross-sectional study in six European countries.

Background: An important part of palliative care is discussing preferences at end of life, however such conversations may not often occur. Care staff with greater self-efficacy towards end-of-life communication are probably more likely to have such discussions, however, there is a lack of research on self-efficacy towards end-of-life discussions among long-term care staff in Europe and related factors.

Objectives: Firstly, to describe and compare the self-efficacy level of long-term care staff regarding end-of-life communication across six countries; secondly, to analyse characteristics of staff and facilities which are associated to self-efficacy towards end-of-life communication.

Families' Experiences With End-of-Life Care in Nursing Homes and Associations With Dying Peacefully With Dementia.

Objectives: To examine family caregivers' experiences with end-of-life care for nursing home residents with dementia and associations with the residents dying peacefully.

Design: A secondary data analysis of family caregiver data collected in the observational Dutch End of Life in Dementia (DEOLD) study between 2007 and 2010.

Setting And Participants: Data were collected at 34 Dutch nursing homes (2799 beds) representing the nation.

Differential ACPA Binding to Nuclear Antigens Reveals a PAD-Independent Pathway and a Distinct Subset of Acetylation Cross-Reactive Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPA) target a wide range of modified proteins. Citrullination occurs during physiological processes such as apoptosis, yet little is known about the interaction of ACPA with nuclear antigens or apoptotic cells. Since uncleared apoptotic cells and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) products have been postulated to be central sources of autoantigen and immunostimulation in autoimmune disease, we sought to characterize the anti-nuclear and anti-neutrophil reactivities of ACPA.

Cell-Type-Specific Profiling of Alternative Translation Identifies Regulated Protein Isoform Variation in the Mouse Brain.

Alternative translation initiation and stop codon readthrough in a few well-studied cases have been shown to allow the same transcript to generate multiple protein variants. Because the brain shows a particularly abundant use of alternative splicing, we sought to study alternative translation in CNS cells. We show that alternative translation is widespread and regulated across brain transcripts.

Lessons Learned From a Web-Based Study of Mental Health and Alcohol and Other Drug Problems Among Social Workers in the USA.

This paper discusses methodological issues that emerged during the design and implementation of a large-scale survey of licensed social workers in the USA. Benefits and challenges of survey research are identified. The paper provides recommendations for future workforce studies and surveys that assess behavioral health problems.

Development of New Epoxy Resin Monomers - A Delicate Balance between Skin Allergy and Polymerization Properties.

Epoxy resin monomers (ERMs) are used as building blocks for thermosetting polymers in applications where strong, flexible, and lightweight materials are required. Most epoxy resins are polymers of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). It is highly allergenic and causes occupational allergic contact dermatitis and contact allergy in the general population.

Comparison of Pesticide Exposure in Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Implications for Risk Assessments.

To date, regulatory pesticide risk assessments have relied on the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as a surrogate test species for estimating the risk of pesticide exposure to all bee species. However, honey bees and non-Apis bees may differ in their susceptibility and exposure to pesticides.

Predicting Mortality in Nursing Home Residents With Dementia and Pneumonia Treated With Antibiotics: Validation of a Prediction Model in a More Recent Population.

Background: We aimed to find the best predictive model for 14-day mortality in antibiotic-treated nursing home residents with dementia and pneumonia by first applying an existing model to the recent PneuMonitor study. Second, we evaluated whether model performance improved by revising variables or adding variables related to recent changes in the care for older people.

Methods: The original prognostic model included gender, respiratory rate, respiratory difficulty, pulse rate, decreased alertness, fluid intake, eating dependency, and pressure sores.

Physician Visits and Recognition of Residents' Terminal Phase in Long-Term Care Facilities: Findings From the PACE Cross-Sectional Study in 6 EU Countries.

Objectives: To describe the relation between physician visits and physicians' recognition of a resident's terminal phase in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Belgium, England, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, and Poland.

Design: In each country, a cross-sectional study was conducted across representative samples of LTCFs. Participating LTCFs reported all deaths of residents in the previous 3 months, and structured questionnaires were sent to several proxy respondents including the treating physician.

Effects of the Namaste Care Family programme on quality of life of nursing home residents with advanced dementia and on family caregiving experiences: study protocol of a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Quality of life of people with advanced dementia living in nursing homes is often suboptimal. Family caregivers can feel frustrated with limited contact with their relatives, which results in visits that are perceived as stressful and not very meaningful. Few psychosocial interventions are specifically developed for people with advanced dementia, and actively involve family caregivers or volunteers.

Combining visual sensory functions and visuospatial orienting functions in children with visual pathology: A longitudinal study.

Background: Peripheral and central visual processing development highly depends on the integrity of the visual sensory system and the allocation of visuospatial attention.

Method: We quantitatively followed visual sensory functions (VSF) and visuospatial orienting functions (VOF) over two years in 77 children (1-13 years) with different types of visual pathology.

Results: Within the clinical groups, VSF were relatively constant over two years, except visual acuity, and VOF were characterized by longer reaction time, shorter fixation duration, and lower fixation accuracy than normal for their age.

A complete and multifaceted overview of antibiotic use and infection diagnosis in the intensive care unit: results from a prospective four-year registration.

Background: Preparing an antibiotic stewardship program requires detailed information on overall antibiotic use, prescription indication and ecology. However, longitudinal data of this kind are scarce. Computerization of the patient chart has offered the potential to collect complete data of high resolution.

Implementation of a Stepwise, Multidisciplinary Intervention for Pain and Challenging Behaviour in Dementia (STA OP!): A Process Evaluation.

Background: A stepwise, multidisciplinary and multicomponent intervention (called STA OP!) was implemented in Dutch nursing home units, which included a comprehensive multidisciplinary team training. A cluster-randomised controlled trial showed that the intervention reduced symptoms of pain and challenging behaviour.

Objectives: To describe the experiences around the implementation of the intervention; to examine the extent to which the STA OP! intervention was delivered and implemented as intended (at the level of the team, and the individual resident/professional); and to understand factors influencing the implementation process.