Evolution of antifungal susceptibility among Candida species isolates recovered from human immunodeficiency virus-infected women receiving fluconazole prophylaxis.

The effect of fluconazole on the susceptibility of Candida isolates recovered from women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Women with CD4(+) cell counts of < or =300 cells/mm(3) received either fluconazole (200 mg/week) or placebo as prophylaxis. The antifungal susceptibility of specimens was evaluated.

Molecular diversity of live-attenuated prototypic vaccine strains and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.

Bovine mastitis Staphylococcus aureus isolates and prototypic live-attenuated vaccine strains were analyzed by SmaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing and automated ribotyping. The discriminatory index of these methods was 0.91 and 0.

Genotypic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus from milk of dairy cows with mastitis in Argentina.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent pathogen causing mastitis of dairy ruminants. This study was developed to ascertain the genotypes and genealogical relationship among strains isolated from milk of bovines with mastitis in Argentina. Molecular epidemiological analysis of S.

Clinical applicability of antifungal susceptibility testing on non-Candida albicans species in hospitalized patients.

We assessed the distribution, antifungal susceptibility, and treatment associated with 161 non-Candida albicans isolates recovered from hospitalized patients over a 6-month period. The three most prevalent species were C. glabrata (100), C.

Correlation of fluconazole MICs with clinical outcome in cryptococcal infection.

We have correlated the in vitro results of testing the susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans to fluconazole with the clinical outcome after fluconazole maintenance therapy in patients with AIDS-associated cryptococcal disease. A total of 28 isolates of C. neoformans from 25 patients (24 AIDS patients) were tested.

Capsule expression by bovine isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Argentina: genetic and epidemiologic analyses.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of bovine mastitis worldwide, and effective preventive or therapeutic modalities are lacking. Although most human S. aureus isolates produce capsular polysaccharides (CPs), few reports have described the prevalence of capsules on bovine isolates.

Antibiotic susceptibilities of group C and group G streptococci isolated from patients with invasive infections: evidence of vancomycin tolerance among group G serotypes.

A retrospective review of medical records for 32 patients with invasive group C streptococcus (GCS) or group G streptococcus (GGS) infections was performed. MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of penicillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin for all isolates were obtained. Tolerance of vancomycin, defined as an MBC 32 or more times higher than the MIC, was exhibited by 18 GGS isolates (54%).

Evolution of vaginal Candida species recovered from human immunodeficiency virus-infected women receiving fluconazole prophylaxis: the emergence of Candida glabrata? Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research in AIDS (CPCRA).

The effect of fluconazole prophylaxis on the vaginal flora of 323 human immunodeficiency virus-infected women was evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Women with CD4 cell counts of < or = 300/mm3 received either 200 mg of fluconazole per week or placebo. Vaginal surveillance cultures were performed every 3 months.

In vitro activity of LY333328, an investigational glycopeptide antibiotic, against enterococci and staphylococci.

The in vitro activities of LY333328 were compared with those of vancomycin, teicoplanin, and quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid) against 219 strains of enterococci and staphylococci, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MICs and MBCs were determined by a microtiter dilution protocol. LY333328 demonstrated superior activity against vancomycin-resistant enterococci and was the only antibiotic which was bactericidal.

Molecular karyotyping of multiple yeast species isolated from nine patients with AIDS during prolonged fluconazole therapy.

Variations in molecular karyotype and fluconazole susceptibility of serial yeast isolates from the oral cavities of nine patients with AIDS receiving fluconazole for single or multiple episodes of oropharyngeal candidiasis were monitored. Multiple yeast species were isolated from the initial oral specimens in six patients. Molecular karyotyping identified at least eight different DNA subtypes of C.

Comparison of fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentrations in three different formulations of RPMI-1640.

This study aimed to compare the susceptibilities of fluconazole, obtained in two laboratories, using three RPMI-1640 formulations (manufacturers') and inhibition standards (80%). A total of 39 selected Candida species (in vitro susceptible and resistant) and Cryptococcus neoformans isolates were tested in each medium by broth macro- and microdilution procedures following the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards proposed reference method (M27-P). Macrodilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC80%) were the lowest drug concentrations with turbidity (growth) less than or equal to that of the specific 80% inhibition standards (1:5 growth control).

Evaluation of 80% inhibition standards for the determination of fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentrations in three laboratories.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate 1:5 growth control dilutions (80% inhibition standards) to determine fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) end points in three laboratories. We tested 39 selected Candida species (in vitro susceptible: fluconazole MIC of < or = 1 microgram/ml, and resistant: fluconazole MIC of > or = 8 micrograms/ml) and Cryptococcus neoformans isolates by broth macro- and microdilution procedures following the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards proposed reference method for yeasts (M27-P). Macrodilution MIC80% were the lowest drug concentrations with turbidity (growth) less than or equal to that of specific 1:5 dilutions of the growth control.

Multisite reproducibility of colorimetric broth microdilution method for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeast isolates.

MICs of fluconazole and amphotericin B were determined independently for 100 coded yeast isolates by each of six laboratories to determine reproducibility of results by using a colorimetric oxidation-reduction-based broth microdilution test. In addition, each site tested five quality control isolates on at least four different occasions during the study. Results agreed within a three-dilution range (mode +/- 1 log2 dilution) for 96.