Increasing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Urology Residency Recruitment: Recommendations From the Society of Women in Urology.

Objective: To provide a framework for diversifying the urologic workforce through residency recruitment by integrating principles of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) into program mission and values, application review, and interview process.

Materials And Methods: For this narrative review, the Society of Women in Urology Advancing DEI in Urology Residency Recruitment Task Force identified 4 areas for incorporating DEI into residency recruitment: defining a residency program's mission and values, holistic application review, an objective interview process, and implementing DEI principles into a program. Using PubMed and Google Scholar, we performed a non-systematic literature search of articles from January 2014 to January 2024.

Lessons Learned: Social Determinants of Health Screening Pilot in 2 Urology Clinics.

Introduction: Unmet social needs lead to adverse health outcomes and contribute to health inequities. Efforts to screen for social determinants of health (SDOH) have occurred primarily within primary care. Here, we describe the feasibility of implementing a workflow for SDOH screening within 2 urology clinics in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Urinary Storage Symptoms Are Common after Radical Prostatectomy: Incidence, Natural History and Predictors.

Purpose: After radical prostatectomy (RP), clinical complaints of new onset storage symptoms may be related to anastomotic strictures or may accommodate for stress urinary incontinence; however, a subgroup of men will experience storage symptoms in the absence of stricture or stress urinary incontinence. As therapies for overactive bladder have improved, we sought to assess the prevalence, natural history and risk factors of storage dysfunction in continent men.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed urinary symptom questionnaires completed by patients who were continent prior to RP and did not have postoperative anastomotic strictures at our institution from 2002 to 2019.

Outcomes of Ureteroneocystostomy in Patients With Cancer.

Objective: To determine the durability of ureteroneocystostomy as well as pre- or post-operative factors that may be associated with failure to provide appropriate renal drainage.

Methods: A total of 290 patients who underwent ureteral reimplantation to native bladder between 2003 and 2015 were identified. After excluding pediatric patients and those without any follow-up, 255 patients, 3 of whom had a subsequent contralateral reimplantation were included, for 258 observations.

Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate in the Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Prostate Cancer Patients on Active Surveillance.

Objective: To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of photoselective vaporization of the prostate in alleviating refractory lower urinary tract symptoms in prostate cancer patients who are managed with active surveillance and to explore the association of this procedure with prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and cancer progression rates.

Methods: Between 2008-2018, active surveillance patients who had refractory symptoms and needed surgery were studied. Perioperative functional variables were collected and analyzed.

Complications of Botox and their Management.

Purpose Of Review: Adherence to anticholinergic medications is known to be a problem in patients with overactive bladder, with only 13.2% of patients continuing anticholinergic therapy beyond 1 year D'Souza et al. (J Manag Care Pharm.

Predictors of Benign Ureteroenteric Anastomotic Strictures After Radical Cystectomy and Urinary Diversion.

Objective: To determine predictors of symptomatic ureteroenteric anastomotic strictures (UAS) formation following radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary diversion (UD).

Materials And Methods: A total of 2,888 consecutive patients who underwent open RC at our institution from 1995 to 2014 were included for analysis. Data were collected from institutional databases and individual medical records.

Formal sacrocolpopexy reduces hypercontinence rates in female neobladder formation.

Aims: Continent urinary diversion is preferred by some patients and orthotopic urinary diversion (OUD) has become the procedure of choice for most men following cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer. OUD in women, however, is less common, likely due to a high rate of hypercontinence (HC), potentially from lax support of pelvic structures similar to pelvic organ prolapse. As such, we evaluated if abdominal sacrocolpopexy (ASC) at the time of OUD in women led to decreased rates of HC.

Preoperative symptoms predict continence after post-radiation transurethral resection of prostate.

Introduction: Lower urinary tract symptoms and retention are known complications of radiation for prostate cancer and traditionally transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has been avoided in these patients because of the risk of incontinence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of post-TURP incontinence in previously radiated patients.

Materials And Methods: One-hundred and eleven patients who underwent brachytherapy or external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer with subsequent TURP performed between 1992 and 2012 at a single institution were identified.

The Impact of Medical and Surgical Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy on Erectile Function.

There is a well-known link between treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction. Surgical and medical management of LUTS all have side effect profiles which may affect erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction, or libido. These should be taken into consideration during patient counseling.

Loss of Pde6 reduces cell body Ca(2+) transients within photoreceptors.

Modulation of Ca(2+) within cells is tightly regulated through complex and dynamic interactions between the plasma membrane and internal compartments. In this study, we exploit in vivo imaging strategies based on genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicators to define changes in perikaryal Ca(2+) concentration of intact photoreceptors. We developed double-transgenic zebrafish larvae expressing GCaMP3 in all cones and tdTomato in long-wavelength cones to test the hypothesis that photoreceptor degeneration induced by mutations in the phosphodiesterase-6 (Pde6) gene is driven by excessive [Ca(2+)]i levels within the cell body.

Avoiding toxins including spermatotoxic medications.

Global rates of infertility are significant, especially in many developing countries. In developed countries, infertility affects up to 15% of the reproductive-age population, with male factors involved in 50% of cases. During medical evaluation, a review of current and past medications and social habits is essential, as they may adversely affect fertility.

Polymorphism in the SCN9A voltage-gated sodium channel gene associated with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.

Objective: To determine whether an association exists between interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the SCN9A voltage-gated sodium channel gene previously associated with other chronic pain syndromes.

Materials And Methods: Germline deoxyribonucleic acid was sampled from archived bladder biopsy specimens from patients with a documented diagnosis of IC/BPS. Deoxyribonucleic acid from hysterectomy specimens was obtained as a control population.

Basal cell carcinoma of the prostate: a case report.

A 69-year-old man presented with gross hematuria and irritative urinary symptoms. He underwent transurethral resection of his prostate. The prostate chips revealed 70% poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine features, initially read as small cell carcinoma, later as basal cell carcinoma.

Practice variation and clinical confusion regarding undescended testes and retractile testes among primary care respondents: a multi-regional survey study in the United States.

Purpose: Although previous studies have looked at referral patterns and indications for orchiopexy, this is the first attempt at quantifying the primary care provider knowledge base of cryptorchidism and its implications in a large multi-state setting in the United States.

Methods: Primary care providers (PCPs) (n = 3,000) were invited to complete a web-based survey regarding cryptorchidism. We evaluated: practice setting; training; knowledge of cryptorchidism; relationship to pediatric urologists and surgeons; understanding of the relationship between cryptorchidism, infertility and testis cancer.

Celsr3 is required for normal development of GABA circuits in the inner retina.

The identity of the specific molecules required for the process of retinal circuitry formation is largely unknown. Here we report a newly identified zebrafish mutant in which the absence of the atypical cadherin, Celsr3, leads to a specific defect in the development of GABAergic signaling in the inner retina. This mutant lacks an optokinetic response (OKR), the ability to visually track rotating illuminated stripes, and develops a super-normal b-wave in the electroretinogram (ERG).

The ciliopathy gene cc2d2a controls zebrafish photoreceptor outer segment development through a role in Rab8-dependent vesicle trafficking.

Ciliopathies are a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of human developmental disorders whose root cause is the absence or dysfunction of primary cilia. Joubert syndrome is characterized by a distinctive hindbrain malformation variably associated with retinal dystrophy and cystic kidney disease. Mutations in CC2D2A are found in ∼10% of patients with Joubert syndrome.

Redo sternotomy for cardiac reoperations using peripheral heparin-bonded cardiopulmonary bypass circuits without systemic heparinization: technique and results.

Objective: Cardiac reoperations are challenging and time-consuming and incur a high incidence of perioperative complications because of injuries to cardiac structures, bleeding, and hemodynamic instability. Some centers are using extracorporeal circulation with heparinization at the time of resternotomy, but it leads to prolonged anticoagulation, platelet dysfunction, fibrinolysis, coagulopathy, and morbidity. The authors routinely perform resternotomy in complex surgery with the support of heparinless cardiopulmonary bypass with heparin-bonded circuits (HBCs).

Zebrafish class 1 phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins: PITPbeta and double cone cell outer segment integrity in retina.

Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) in yeast co-ordinate lipid metabolism with the activities of specific membrane trafficking pathways. The structurally unrelated metazoan PITPs (mPITPs), on the other hand, are an under-investigated class of proteins. It remains unclear what biological activities mPITPs discharge, and the mechanisms by which these proteins function are also not understood.

Flow of energy in the outer retina in darkness and in light.

Structural features of neurons create challenges for effective production and distribution of essential metabolic energy. We investigated how metabolic energy is distributed between cellular compartments in photoreceptors. In avascular retinas, aerobic production of energy occurs only in mitochondria that are located centrally within the photoreceptor.

Pruritus in connective tissue and other common systemic disease states.

Pruritus is a common symptom reported in connective tissue and other common systemic disease states. Unfortunately, the unique pathophysiologic etiology of the often chronic and severe pruritus that is a debilitating component of many connective tissue disorders makes treatment with conventional anti-itch agents difficult. As the underlying mechanisms of pruritus have been identified, treatment strategies have evolved.