Association of the Pattern of Retinal Capillary Non-Perfusion and Vascular Leakage with Retinal Neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To explore the correlation between retinal capillary non-perfusion and the distribution of retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage (VL) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: Ultra-widefield angiograms of 96 eyes of 69 patients with PDR were reviewed for the proportion of non-perfused area to total gradable area, and for the presence of neovascularization and VL.

Results: Retinal neovascularization was distributed as such: neovascularization elsewhere (NVE), 57.

CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND TREATMENT COURSE OF EYES WITH NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION FOLLOWING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOPHTHALMITIS.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical course of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) after developing endophthalmitis during their treatment with intravitreal injections.

Methods: Multicenter, retrospective series.

Results: From April 2013 to October 2018, 196,598 intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections were performed, with 75 cases of endophthalmitis (incidence 0.

Autologous Retinal Transplantation for Primary and Refractory Macular Holes and Macular Hole Retinal Detachments: The Global Consortium.

Purpose: To report the anatomic and functional outcomes of autologous retinal transplantation (ART).

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, interventional, consecutive case series.

Participants: One hundred thirty eyes of 130 patients undergoing ART for the repair of primary and refractory macular holes (MHs), as well as combined MH-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (MH-RRD), between January 2017 and December 2019.

PERIPHERAL RETINAL ANGIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN MACULAR TELANGIECTASIS TYPE 2.

Purpose: To evaluate the retinal periphery in patients with idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasis or macular telangiectasis Type 2 (MacTel2), using widefield fluorescein angiography.

Methods: Single-center, retrospective, observational case series of 50 eyes of 50 patients with MacTel2 and 50 eyes of 50 age-matched controls.

Results: Thirty-seven eyes in the MacTel2 group (74%) showed peripheral capillary nonperfusion or dropout, compared with 37 eyes in the control group (74%, P = 1.

Macular hole closure patterns: an updated classification.

Background: The classification of macular hole closure patterns (MHCPs) currently relies on time domain OCT allowing only "open" and "closed" statuses or is based on inner foveal contour shape. Both classification types give no information on retinal layer reconstitution. Novel sophisticated surgical techniques lead to previously unknown MHCPs, outdating existing classifications and urging new ones.

Correlating Changes in the Macular Microvasculature and Capillary Network to Peripheral Vascular Pathologic Features in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the macular microvasculature in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) using OCT angiography (OCTA) and to assess for peripheral vascular changes using widefield fluorescein angiography (WFA).

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, comparative, observational case series.

Participants: We identified 411 patients with FEVR, examined between September 2014 and June 2018.

Optic Nerve Aplasia, Chorioretinal Hypoplasia, and Microcornea After In Utero Infection With Cytomegalovirus.

Optic nerve aplasia (ONA) is a rare phenomenon characterized by absence of the optic nerve, retinal blood vessels, and retinal ganglion cells. The authors report a case of optic nerve aplasia in association with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, conveyed through multimodal imaging including color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and B-scan ultrasonography. Furthermore, the authors review the common ocular findings and previously reported cases of ONA in congenital CMV infection.

Thomas A. Swift's Electric Rifle Injuries to the Eye and Ocular Adnexa: The Management of Complex Trauma.

Purpose: To report the ocular and adnexal injuries sustained by patients with Thomas A. Swift's electric rifles (TASER; TASER International, Scottsdale, AZ), review the literature, and discuss the management of this complex trauma.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective case series and literature review.

Vessel Tortuosity Cutoff Values Using the Modified ROPtool May Predict Need for Treatment in Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Background And Objective: To quantify vessel tortuosity among infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective study including 61 RetCam images from 33 infants. The laser treatment (LT) group included 17 infants who underwent laser for ROP.

The Natural History of Congenital X-Linked Retinoschisis and Conversion between Phenotypes over Time.

Purpose: To evaluate the natural history of congenital X-linked retinoschisis (CXLRS) and to assess disease stability or progression over time.

Design: Retrospective case series at a single-center, tertiary care, pediatric retina practice.

Participants: One hundred two eyes of 51 patients with CXLRS.

Fellow Eye Anti-VEGF 'Crunch' Effect in Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Background And Objective: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is increasing in popularity for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Despite many technical benefits, issues remain prompting further investigation.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective case report and literature review.

Is it melanoma-associated retinopathy or drug toxicity? Bilateral cystoid macular edema posing a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.

Purpose: To report the clinical presentation, multimodal imaging, and management of a patient with metastatic melanoma who presented with cystoid macular edema (CME).

Observations: We report a case of a 71-year-old Caucasian male with metastatic melanoma who presented with bilateral cystoid macular edema after being on treatment with a programmed T cell death ligand 1 inhibitor, MPDL3280, for 1 year. Multimodal imaging techniques, including color fundus photographs, autofluorescence, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (Spectralis, Heidelberg, Germany), and spectral-domain OCT angiography (Zeiss; California, USA) were performed to evaluate the etiology of his CME and to monitor his response to treatment.

Patterns of subretinal fluid resolution in Group D eyes treated with chemoreduction: Experience from the Children's Hospital Los Angeles/University of Southern California.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate patterns of subretinal fluid (SRF) resolution in Group D retinoblastoma eyes. Fifty-three Group D eyes were evaluated for the presence of SRF at diagnosis. They were subsequently treated with systemic chemoreduction (CRD) and the duration of SRF was evaluated.

THE SECOND BLIND SPOT: SMALL RETINAL VESSEL VASCULOPATHY AFTER VACCINATION AGAINST NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS AND YELLOW FEVER.

Purpose: To describe a case of small retinal vessel vasculopathy postvaccination.

Methods: We report the case of a 41-year-old white man who presented with a "second blind spot," describing a nasal scotoma in the right eye that started 4 days after vaccinations against Neisseria meningitidis and the yellow fever virus, and after a 2-month period of high stress and decreased sleep. Clinical examination, Humphrey visual field testing, and multimodal imaging with fundus photographs, autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography and angiography were performed.

The tipping point: Tamoxifen toxicity, central serous chorioretinopathy, and the role of estrogen and its receptors.

Purpose: To describe a case of tamoxifen toxicity superimposed on central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). We review the role of estrogen and the effect of tamoxifen on ocular tissues.

Observations: A 32-year-old Hispanic female with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the left breast (T2N1M0, triple-positive), status post chemotherapy and bilateral mastectomy, presented with complaint of a floater and decreased central vision of the right eye (OD).

Long-Term Follow-Up of Amniotic Membrane Graft for the Treatment of Symblepharon in a Patient With Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.

Purpose: To report a case of symblepharon due to epidermolysis bullosa (EB), surgical treatment, and follow-up to 14 years.

Methods: A 17-year-old white female with recessive dystrophic EB presented with decreased vision due to extensive symblepharon OU. There was opacification and neovascularization of the cornea OU with limited motility.

MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF GEOGRAPHIC AREAS OF RETINAL DARKENING.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and multimodal imaging characteristics of a patient with unilateral asymptomatic dark retinal lesions corresponding to ellipsoid zone hyporeflectivity on optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: The authors report a case of a 35-year-old man with HIV who presents with asymptomatic dark geographic retinal lesions corresponding to ellipsoid zone hyporeflectivity on OCT. Multimodal imaging techniques, including fundus color and widefield photographs, autofluorescence, spectral domain OCT (Spectralis, Heidelberg, Germany), prototype spectral domain OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) with OCT angiography, and en face images, were performed to evaluate and characterize the morphology of these lesions.

Promoting filopodial elongation in neurons by membrane-bound magnetic nanoparticles.

Filopodia are 5-10 μm long processes that elongate by actin polymerization, and promote axon growth and guidance by exerting mechanical tension and by molecular signaling. Although axons elongate in response to mechanical tension, the structural and functional effects of tension specifically applied to growth cone filopodia are unknown. Here we developed a strategy to apply tension specifically to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) growth cone filopodia through surface-functionalized, membrane-targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs).

Magnetic field-guided cell delivery with nanoparticle-loaded human corneal endothelial cells.

To improve the delivery and integration of cell therapy using magnetic cell guidance for replacement of corneal endothelium, here we assess magnetic nanoparticles' (MNPs') effects on human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) in vitro. Biocompatible, 50 nm superparamagnetic nanoparticles endocytosed by cultured HCECs induced no short- or long-term change in viability or identity. Assessment of guidance of the magnetic HCECs in the presence of different magnet shapes and field strengths showed a 2.

Visual and anatomical outcomes of macular epiretinal membrane peeling after previous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.

Purpose: To report outcomes and prognostic factors after epiretinal membrane peeling in patients with previous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.

Methods: A consecutive case series. Best-corrected visual acuity and optical coherence tomography characteristics were analyzed before and after epiretinal membrane surgery.

Acute retinal pigment epithelium detachments after photocoagulation.

Purpose: To characterize the morphology of patterned scanning laser (PASCAL) panretinal photocoagulation.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with high-risk characteristics, who were treated with PASCAL panretinal photocoagulation as part of their indicated clinical course, were serially imaged with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Thirty eyes of 25 patients were studied from 1 hour to 21 weeks after laser treatment.

Mechanisms of inflammation in proliferative vitreoretinopathy: from bench to bedside.

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a vision-threatening disease and a common complication of surgery to correct rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Several models of the pathogenesis of this disease have been described with some of these models focusing on the role of inflammatory cells and other models focusing on the role of growth factors and cytokines in the vitreous which come into contact with intraretinal and retinal pigment epithelial cells. New experiments have shed light on the pathogenesis of PVR and offer promising avenues for clinical intervention before PVR develops.