Patient and Context Factors in the Adoption of Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Although active surveillance for patients with low-risk prostate cancer (LRPC) has been recommended for years, its adoption at the population level is often limited.

Objective: To make active surveillance available for patients with LRPC using a research framework and to compare patient characteristics and clinical outcomes between those who receive active surveillance vs radical treatments at diagnosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based, prospective cohort study was designed by a large multidisciplinary group of specialists and patients' representatives.

Assessment of Saliva Specimens' Reliability for COVID-19 Surveillance.

The aim of the present study is to assess saliva as a reliable specimen for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), especially in community mass screening programs. The performance analysis considered 1,221 total samples [nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and corresponding saliva], tested by means of a reference diagnostic real-time RT-PCR assay. Conflicting results were further investigated with a second, more sensitive, reference assay.

Dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in buffalo milk from the Campania region (Italy): Decreasing trend and baseline assessment over 10 years (2008-2018).

Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorodibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (DL-PCBs) enter the food chain from the environment. In this study, we report the 2008-2018 time-trends in the PCDD/F and DL-PCB contamination of milk from buffaloes fed on local forage in rural areas of the Campania region. Validated according to QA/QC criteria, the dataset (N = 808 on a total of 2068 samples, after excluding follow-up results and outliers) was computed on the upper-bound value pg WHO-TEQ gfat.

Testicular seminoma with pagetoid spread into the vas deferens: A rare histopathological presentation.

Testicular cancer, in particular testicular germ cell tumours, is the most common malignancy in young adult men. Defining prognosis and the best therapeutic strategy is challenging since accurate staging could be controversial. We report an unusual case of seminoma with pagetoid spread into the rete testis and, unexpectedly, also within the epithelium of the vas deferens, up to the margin of excision of the spermatic cord.

Spontaneous urinary bladder perforation: An unusual presentation of well-differentiated papillary peritoneum mesothelioma.

Introduction: Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma (WDPM) is a very rare neoplasm. Most of WDPM are asymptomatic and are often incidentally detected during surgery. This report describes a case of WDPM of the peritoneum unexpectedly diagnosed in a male with a spontaneous intraperitoneal bladder rupture.

A Review of Hemp as Food and Nutritional Supplement.

The term "hemp" refers to cultivars grown for industrial purposes that are characterized by lower levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active principle responsible for psychotropic effects. Hemp is an extraordinary crop, with enormous social and economic value, since it can be used to produce food, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paper, paint, biofuel, and animal feed, as well as lighting oil. Various parts of the hemp plant represent a valuable source of food and ingredients for nutritional supplements.

On the relevance of double tax treaties.

This paper investigates the effects of double tax treaties (DTTs) on foreign direct investment (FDI) after controlling for their relevance in the presence of treaty shopping. DTTs cannot be considered a bilateral issue, but must be viewed as a network. We define tax distance as the cost of channelling corporate income from one country to another and, by considering treaty shopping through intermediate jurisdictions, we calculate the shortest (i.

COVID-19 pandemic and uro-oncology follow-up: A "virtual" multidisciplinary team strategy and patients' satisfaction assessment.

COVID-19 pandemic strongly modified the organizations of our clinical practice. Strict containment measures have been adopted to limit the disease diffusion. In particular, hospital face-to-face post discharge and follow up visits have been reduced.

Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis with renal failure caused by malacoplakia.

Introduction: Malacoplakia is a rare chronic inflammatory disease that most commonly involves the genitourinary tract with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation.

Case Description: A 65-year-old woman presented with obstructive nephropathy with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. Bilateral nephrostomy-tube placement saw an improvement in her renal function.

RDX-based nanocomposite microparticles for significantly reduced shock sensitivity.

Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)-based nanocomposite microparticles were produced by a simple, yet novel spray drying method. The microparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which shows that they consist of small RDX crystals (∼0.1-1 μm) uniformly and discretely dispersed in a binder.

Flexible pneumocystoscopy for double J stenting during laparoscopic and robot assisted pyeloplasty: our experience.

We present our results in terms of feasibility, safety and efficacy of flexible pneumocystoscopy during double J stenting in patients undergoing laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP). The patient is placed on the flank at a 45 degrees angle. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty according to the Anderson-Hynes technique is carried out by transperitoneal access.

Retroperitoneal decortication of simple renal cysts vs decortication with wadding using perirenal fat tissue: results of a prospective randomized trial.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate, in a pilot prospective randomized trial, the safety, effectiveness and radiological recurrence of retroperitoneal renal cyst decortication compared with retroperitoneal decortication with wadding using perirenal pedicled fat tissue. PATIENTS AND METHODS From March 2004 to December 2007, 40 patients with simple renal cysts were enrolled and randomized; 22 (group A) had a simple retroperitoneal decortication (SRD) and 18 (group B) a decortication with wadding of the cyst using perirenal fat tissue (RDCW). The following variables were recorded: age, gender, side, size on ultrasonography/computed tomography (CT), location, operative duration, blood loss, complications, pathology, presence or absence of flank pain, hypertension, urinary tract compression or urinary infection.

[Study of the facial nerve in parotid surgery].

The Authors, basing on cadaveric dissections and 40 parotidectomies performed, accurately describe relations between facial nerve and surrounding tissues in its extracranial tract, with particular reference to parotid surgery. They underline Schwalbe's apophysis as the sole safe and constant anatomic landmark in the dissection of the facial nerve trunk.

[Giant pedunculated leiomyoma of the fundus uteri].

The Authors report an uncommon giant leiomyoma of the uterus observed in a young woman after a prolonged and misknown course. The peculiar features of these large neoplasms as well as the diagnostic methods and the difficulties of the surgical treatment are discussed. The patient underwent successful surgical removal of the tumour with preservation of uterus and ovaries, and is still in good health after a two year follow up.

[Diverticulosis of the small intestine. Observations on a complicated case].

Small bowel diverticula, particularly the jejunal ones, are a rare disease with a poor and vague symptomatology. Sometimes detected by change under X-ray examinations or at surgery, they do not need any surgical treatment: only clinical and X-ray controls are required. Prophylactic resection of symptomatic low jejunal diverticula is controversial: patient's age and status will affect the indication to surgical treatment.

Group B streptococci: extracellular neuraminidase production and virulence in mouse.

Neuraminidase production by reference strains of various group B streptococci serotypes was investigated before and after serial passages in mouse. The enzyme production was tested in culture filtrates using bovine submaxillary mucin as substrate. Although passages in mouse markedly increased the virulence of all the strains it was not possible to demonstrate a relationship between the increased virulence and the enzyme production.

Resistance of genus Proteus to ovotransferrin.

A total of 100 strains of Proteus, clinically isolated, were tested for sensitivity to ovotransferrin and CrCl3. Only a minority of the tested strains were not capable of growing in the presence of these iron chelating substances. Significant differences in the resistance among the four species of Proteus were noticeable only by addition to the culture medium of CrCl3 5 mM.

Separation by affinity chromatography of human very low and low density lipoproteins inhibiting Sindbis virus haemagglutination.

The haemagglutination-inhibiting activity of human serum towards Sindbis virus is linked to very low and low density lipoprotein classes, in particular to their lipid component. To investigate the specific role played in this inhibition by carbohydrates contained in the molecule, inhibitor separation was carried out by Concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography. A different behaviour among the inhibiting molecules in relation to the carbohydrate content was observed.

Capacity of staphylococci to grow in the presence of ovotransferrin or CrCl3 as a character of potential pathogenicity.

A total of 150 strains of staphylococci, clinically isolated, were tested for sensitivity to ovotransferrin (conalbumin). Among these, all the 50 coagulase-positive, mannitol-positive, and deoxyribonuclease-positive staphylococci appeared to be resistant to conalbumin, i.e.