COVID-19-sensitive tumour response: 2-year assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 humoral response in cancer patients in oncology hospital in Poland.

Unlabelled: Vaccination has been considered the most crucial defence against viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Numerous reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of the above vaccines in oncological patients. It has also been proven that, apart from vaccinations and oncological therapy, the course of the cancer process itself influences the magnitude of the humoral response, especially in people after infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Predictors of the severity of the course of COVID-19: demographic factors, clinical signs and laboratory markers.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on global healthcare, with high mortality and severe complications remaining a major concern. Understanding the predictors of COVID-19 severity may improve patient management and outcomes. While considerable research has focused on the pathogenesis of the virus and vaccine development, the identification of reliable demographic, clinical and laboratory predictors of severe disease remains critical.

Analysis of prognostic factors in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global health crisis. Mortality predictors in critically ill patients remain under investigation. A retrospective cohort study included 201 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COVID-19.

The Impact of Pathogen Reduction on Total IgG and IgG Subclass Profiles of Convalescent Plasma.

Introduction: In case of newly emerging pathogens, convalescent plasma (CP) is often the only early available treatment option. It has been shown that different IgG subclasses contribute differently to CP neutralizing activity. As CP donors often have a risk profile like first-time donors, especially with respect to window-period viral transmission, pathogen reduction (PR) could mitigate that risk.

The COVID-19 inflammation and high mortality mechanism trigger.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lasted from March 2020 to May 2023, infecting over 689 million and causing 6.9 million deaths globally. SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells via the spike protein binding to ACE2 receptors, leading to viral replication and an exaggerated immune response characterized by a "cytokine storm.

Osteopontin and Regulatory T Cells in Effector Phase of Allergic Contact Dermatitis.

Studies have shown that osteopontin (OPN) and regulatory T cells play a role in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), but the mechanisms responsible for their function are poorly understood. The study aimed to determine CD4 T lymphocytes producing intracellular osteopontin (iOPN T cells) and assess the selected T lymphocyte subsets including regulatory T cells in the blood of patients with ACD. Twenty-six patients with a disseminated form of allergic contact dermatitis and 21 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.

Analysis of the IgG subclass profile and IgG sum-total discrepancy in COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors: A single-centre prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Although IgG1 and IgG3 have been shown to be the dominant subclasses in the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, little is known about the distribution of IgG subclasses during the recovery phase of COVID-19. The aim of the study was to analyze the profile of IgG subclasses in COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors.

Methods: A total of 36 convalescent plasma donors were included in the analysis.

Innate and Acquired Cellular Immunity in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia Treated with Simvastatin.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the influence of simvastatin treatment in children with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) on parameters of cellular immunity. Twenty-six children with FH were included, of which thirteen were treated with 10 mg simvastatin for at least 26 weeks, and thirteen were age- and sex-matched with a low-cholesterol diet only. Total WBC count and lipid profile were measured.

Systemic COVID-19 Vaccination Enhances the Humoral Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population Study from a Hospital in Poland Criteria for COVID-19 Reimmunization Are Needed.

Systemic vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine stimulates the humoral response. Our study aimed to compare the intensity of the humoral immune response, measured by SARS-CoV-2 IgG, SARS-CoV-2 IgM, and S-RBD-neutralizing IgG antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination versus after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We analyzed 1060 people in the following groups: convalescents; healthy unvaccinated individuals; individuals vaccinated with Comirnaty, AstraZeneca, Moderna, or Johnson & Johnson; and vaccinated SARS-CoV-2 convalescents.

Cardiac Surgery is Associated with Biomarker Evidence of Neuronal Damage.

Background: Anesthesia and surgery is commonly associated with central nervous system sequelae and cognitive symptoms, which may be caused by neuronal injury. Neuronal injury can be monitored by plasma concentrations of the neuronal biomarkers tau and neurofilament light protein (NFL). Currently, there are no studies examining whether neuronal injury varies between surgical procedures.

Longitudinal observation of children with enhanced total serum IgE.

Background: Long-term studies on the evolution of elevated total IgE (tIgE) concentration are in demand.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of allergic diseases and influential factors in children with high tIgE levels during a 5-year period.

Methods: Children with high tIgE levels (>100 IU/mL) were study subjects.

Study of the protective effects of nootropic agents against neuronal damage induced by amyloid-beta (fragment 25-35) in cultured hippocampal neurons.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, in which progressive neuron loss, mainly in the hippocampus, is observed. The critical events in the pathogenesis of AD are associated with accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Deposits of Aβ initiate a neurotoxic "cascade" leading to apoptotic death of neurons.

Tregs and HLA-DR expression in sputum cells of COPD patients treated with tiotropium and formoterol.

Immune cells expressing the activation markers HLA-DR and regulatory T cells (Tregs) may be involved in the regulation of chronic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study we analyzed native and activated cell profiles in sputum of 22 stable COPD patients receiving formoterol (F) or formoterol + tiotropium (F + T) for 3 months. Cells were isolated from induced sputum and were examined on Coulter flow cytometer using fluorescent antibodies specific for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD25, CD127, and HLA-DR antigens.

Inhaled corticosteroids increase siglec-5/14 expression in sputum cells of COPD patients.

Recent studies show that several Siglec receptors, such as Siglec-8 and Siglec-14, may be important therapeutic targets in asthma and COPD. Siglecs are a family of lectins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and recognize sialic acid residues of glycoproteins. Most of Siglecs have intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM), implicating them in the suppression of immunoreceptor signaling.

Generation of functional T-regulatory cells in children with metabolic syndrome.

Recent research implies a role of decreased number and/or function of T-regulatory cells (Tregs) in low-grade inflammation associated with obesity and atherosclerosis. The enhancement of atheroprotective immunity by the expansion of Tregs could serve as a therapeutic strategy in obesity-related immunological disturbances. The aim of our study was an attempt to generate Treg cells in children with risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease and to compare the results to those obtained in healthy subjects.

Transformation of conventional T cells into regulatory T cells in children with metabolic syndrome.

Background: Much research has been done in the recent years to establish an association between obesity, metabolic syndrome and the immune system. Numerous data suggest that the decreased number and/or function of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) can lead to chronic minimal inflammation present in patients with obesity and trigger formation of atherosclerotic plaque.

Aim: To generate Treg cells from the peripheral blood in children meeting the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome.

Generation of T regulatory cells in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Unlabelled: There is increasing evidence that T-regulatory (Treg) cells could be used to prevent or cure autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of the present study was to verify the hypothesis that functional Treg cells can be generated from conventional T-cells separated from a small amount of peripheral blood of children with newly diagnosed T1DM (N=25).

Methods: CD4(+)CD25(-) cells were cultured with Treg expander (CD3/CD28) and IL-2 for generating de novo Treg cells.

CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD2+high regulatory T cells in disseminated and localized forms of allergic contact dermatitis: relation to specific cytokines.

The aim of this study was to evaluate regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) in the course of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and to elucidate the role of IL-10 and TGF-β in Tregs activity. Peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(high) cells were determined by flow cytometry in patients with acute disseminated ACD ('ad', n = 36), acute localized ACD ('al', n = 26), and disseminated ACD during remission ('rd', n = 27) as well as in controls (n = 22). Serum levels of cytokines were measured using ELISA.

[Generation of T regulatory cells in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Introduction: In spite of intensive research the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is not thoroughly understood. One of the ideas which currently has a great number of supporters is the theory of the participation of T regulatory cells in the mechanism of insufficient suppression of the immune response against pancreatic self -antigens. According to some authors, the infusion of T regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases could lead to long -term remission or even a complete cure.

[Aging of the immune system].

The immune system theory of aging is that the rate of aging is largely controlled by the immune system. As we age, the numbers of critical cells in the immune system decrease and become less functional. Accumulating data are documenting an inverse relationship between immune status, response to health, and longevity, suggesting that the immune system becomes less effective with advancing age and that this is clinically relevant.

Increased levels of Treg cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and induced sputum of patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Objective: It has recently been described that circulatory and BAL regulatory T-cells (Tregs), defined as CD4+CD25highCD127low are increased in patients with active sarcoidosis compared with other interstitial lung diseases.

Material And Methods: We studied prospectively 17 patients (10 women, 7 men) of median age 39 years (range 27-65) with active granulomatous lung diseases (GLD) (10 patients with sarcoidosis (BBS), and 7 with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), and 9 healthy controls. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and induced sputum Treg counts, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+ cells were quantified by flow cytometry.

The mRNA expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in T regulatory cells in children with type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by the autoimmune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. T regulatory cells (Tregs) represent an active mechanism of suppressing autoreactive T cells that escape central tolerance. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that T regulatory cells express pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, elements of cytotoxicity and OX40/4-1BB molecules.