The association of type 2 diabetes-related characteristics with fracture risk at different sites.

Aim: To determine the association of diabetes-related characteristics with fractures at different sites in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD. Patients aged over 30 years with T2D were identified within the CPRD.

Serum osteoglycin is stable during various glycemic challenges in healthy men.

Purpose: Osteoglycin is hypothesized to be metabolically active and may enhance insulin action. We hypothesized that osteoglycin levels increase during hyperglycemia as a physiological response to enhance the effects of insulin.

Methods: Eight healthy males were included in a cross-over study consisting of three study days following an 8 h fast.

Diagnosing Osteoporosis in Diabetes-A Systematic Review on BMD and Fractures.

Purpose Of Review: Recently, the American Diabetes Association updated the 2024 guidelines for Standards of Care in Diabetes and recommend that a T-score of - 2.0 in patients with diabetes should be interpreted as equivalent to - 2.5 in people without diabetes.

The associations of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as add-on to metformin with fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To investigate whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor use as compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor use as add-on to metformin is associated with the risk of any fracture or major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs).

Methods: A cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database was conducted. All patients aged 18 years and older with a first-ever prescription for a DPP-4 inhibitor or an SGLT2 inhibitor as add-on to metformin between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2020 were selected.

Effect of incretins on skeletal health.

Purpose Of Review: The incretin hormones, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), have been shown to decrease bone resorption in humans. The aim of this review is to collate evidence and current advances in the research within the last year on the effect of incretins on skeletal health.

Recent Findings: Preclinical studies show potential direct beneficial effects on bone by GLP-1 and GIP, however real world epidemiological data show no effects of GLP-1 receptor analogues on fracture risk.

Discrepancies in type of first major osteoporotic fracture and anti-osteoporotic therapy in elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective Danish cohort study.

Objective: Subjects with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of fractures. We aimed to identify discrepancies in the first type of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and anti-osteoporotic therapy between subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and subjects without diabetes. Methods and research design.

Cerebral palsy and bisphosphonates - and what can be learned from other types of secondary osteoporosis in children: A scoping review.

Aim: We aimed to improve bone health management of children with cerebral palsy (CP) by reviewing studies investigating bisphosphonate therapy in children with CP and other types of secondary osteoporosis.

Methods: We included trials on bisphosphonate treatment reporting any direct bone measurement or fracture outcome. All studies of patients with CP were included.

SGLT2 inhibitor treatment is not associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures when compared to GLP-1 receptor agonists: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with an increased fracture risk. It is debated whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors influence fracture risk in T2D. We aimed to investigate the risk of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) with SGLT2 inhibitors compared to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists when used as add-on therapies to metformin.

The Effects of 12-Weeks Whey Protein Supplements on Markers of Bone Turnover in Adults With Abdominal Obesity - A Analysis.

Background: While osteoporosis is characterized by skeletal fragility due to increased bone turnover and low bone mineral density (BMD), subjects with abdominal obesity and type-2 diabetes have increased risk of bone fractures despite low bone turnover and increased BMD. Diets with increased protein content are reported to increase bone turnover in healthy adults and may be a point of interest in preserving bone strength in subjects with abdominal obesity and/or type-2 diabetes.

Methods: We examined the effect of 12-weeks dietary intervention on bone turnover in 64 adults with abdominal obesity using data from the MERITS trial.

Bone Density and Structure in Overweight Men With and Without Diabetes.

Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes, are associated with an increased risk of fractures; however, the impact of obesity on bone deficits in diabetes is unknown. We aimed to compare markers of bone structure, bone density, and bone turnover in non-diabetic overweight men with MetS and overweight men with T1D or T2D.

Methods And Research Design: In this cross-sectional study we included participants from two previously described study cohorts consisting of participants with diabetes and participants with MetS.

The Efficacy of Alendronate Versus Denosumab on Major Osteoporotic Fracture Risk in Elderly Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Danish Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of fractures; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate whether the risk of major osteoporotic fractures in diabetes patients differs between subjects initiated with alendronate and denosumab, respectively.

Methods And Research Design: We conducted a retrospective nationwide cohort study through access to all discharge diagnoses (ICD-10 system) from the National Danish Patient Registry along with all redeemed drug prescriptions (ATC classification system) from the Health Service Prescription Registry.

Incident peptic ulcers and concomitant treatment of direct oral anticoagulants and oral bisphosphonates-a real-world cohort study.

Unlabelled: Oral bisphosphonates and direct oral anticoagulants are related to upper gastrointestinal ulcers. The present study investigated whether concomitant use of these drugs increase the risk of upper gastrointestinal ulcers and report no increased risk of upper gastrointestinal ulcers compared to the use of either drug alone, when individuals with previous upper gastrointestinal ulcers are excluded.

Introduction: This study examines whether concomitant use of oral bisphosphonates (oBP) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) increases the risk of peptic ulcers more than any drug alone.

Alendronate Use and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Danish Nested Case-Control Study.

Objective: A link has been proposed between glucose homeostasis and bone metabolism. Bisphosphonates are first-line treatment of osteoporosis, and we aimed to investigate whether the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was associated with prior use of alendronate.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a population-based nested case-control study through access to all discharge diagnoses (ICD-10 system) from the National Danish Patient Registry along with all redeemed drug prescriptions (ATC classification system) from the Health Service Prescription Registry.

3-Hydroxybutyrate administration elevates plasma parathyroid hormone in a pilot human randomized, controlled, cross over trial.

Content: Ketone bodies, in particular 3-hydroxybutyrate (3OHB), are known to possess important energetic and signaling capacities. There is a growing block of evidence, that ketogenic dieting (KD), fasting, and sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment are associated with hyperparathyroidism and negative bone health.

Objective: We aimed to study the effect of exogenous 3OHB administration on bone metabolism, specifically the effect on parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium/phosphate homeostasis.

Glucose variability and low bone turnover in people with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is related to an increased fracture risk and low bone turnover. However, the mechanisms are not elucidated. In the present study we investigate the association between glycemic variability and bone turnover markers.

Associations of Circulating Osteoglycin With Bone Parameters and Metabolic Markers in Patients With Diabetes.

Objective: Circulating osteoglycin may facilitate the crosstalk between bone and pancreas to empower adaptation of bone mass to whole body energy balance. We aimed to examine whether osteoglycin is associated with bone and metabolic parameters and if osteoglycin levels differ between patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D).

Design And Methods: A cross-sectional study of 190 patients with diabetes mellitus and stable hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (97 T1D and 93 T2D) was conducted.

Older hospitalised patients' experience of involvement in discharge planning.

Introduction: Worldwide healthcare policy highlights patient involvement and participation. Older people with chronic diseases and comorbidities are in need of complex healthcare. Even though these issues have been highlighted, there is a need to investigate older patients' perspective on discharge planning in order to ensure quality in the healthcare system.

Effects of a whey protein pre-meal on bone turnover in participants with and without type 2 diabetes-A post hoc analysis of a randomised, controlled, crossover trial.

Aims: Whey protein may improve bone turnover and have anti-osteoporotic effects. The aim of the present randomised, controlled, crossover trial was to evaluate the effects of a whey protein pre-meal on bone turnover in people with type 2 diabetes and controls.

Methods: Two groups, matched on sex, age and body mass index, comprising 12 participants with and 12 participants without type 2 diabetes were randomly given a pre-meal of whey protein (20 g) or water, which was consumed 15 min before a fat-rich meal or a fat-rich meal supplemented with 20 g whey protein.

Glucose-Lowering Drugs and Fracture Risk-a Systematic Review.

Purpose Of Review: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased fracture risk. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of different classes of glucose-lowering drugs on fracture risk in patients with type 2 DM. The heterogeneity of the included studies did not allow formal statistical analyses.

The Impact of Exercise on Bone Health in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-a Systematic Review.

Purpose Of Review: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased fracture risk. Weight loss in T2DM management may result in lowering of bone mass. In this systematic literature review, we aimed to investigate how exercise affects bone health in people with T2DM.

Consumption of nutrients and insulin resistance suppress markers of bone turnover in subjects with abdominal obesity.

Objective: Abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with insulin resistance and low bone turnover along with an increased fracture risk. The mode of action is poorly understood. The bone resorption marker, C-terminal telopeptide type 1 collagen (CTX), and to a lesser extent, the bone formation marker, Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) appear to be inhibited by food consumption.