An explicit granular-mechanics approach to marine sediment acoustics.

Here, we theoretically and computationally study the frequency dependence of phase speed and attenuation for marine sediments from the perspective of granular mechanics. We leverage recent theoretical insights from the granular physics community as well as discrete-element method simulations, where the granular material is treated as a packing of discrete objects that interact via pairwise forces. These pairwise forces include both repulsive contact forces as well as dissipative terms, which may include losses from the fluid as well as losses from inelasticity at grain-grain contacts.

Adolescent binge drinking leads to long-lasting changes in cortical microcircuits in mice.

Adolescent drug consumption has increased risks to the individual compared to consumption in adulthood, due to the likelihood of long-term and permanent behavioral and neurological adaptations. However, little is known about how adolescent alcohol consumption influences the maturation and trajectory of cortical circuit development. Here, we explore the consequences of adolescent binge drinking on somatostatin (SST) neuronal function in superficial layers of the prelimbic (PL) cortex in male and female SST-Ai9 mice.

Adolescent Alcohol and Stress Exposure Rewires Key Cortical Neurocircuitry.

Human adolescence is a period of development characterized by wide ranging emotions and behavioral risk taking, including binge drinking (Konrad et al., 2013). These behavioral manifestations of adolescence are complemented by growth in the neuroarchitecture of the brain, including synaptic pruning (Spear, 2013) and increases in overall white matter volume (Perrin et al.

Somatostatin neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis play a sex-dependent role in binge Drinking.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by alcohol use coupled with chronic relapse and involves brain regions including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Here, we explore whether a subpopulation of BNST neurons, somatostatin (SST) expressing GABAergic neurons, play a role in an animal model of binge-like alcohol consumption, the Drinking in the Dark (DID) model. Chemogenetic activation of BNST SST neurons reduced binge alcohol consumption in female but not male SST-Cre mice, while inhibition of these neurons in the same mice had no effect.

Comparison of short-course (5 days) and standard (10 days) treatment for uncomplicated cellulitis.

Background: Cellulitis is a condition routinely encountered in the primary care setting. No previous study has compared a short (5 days) vs standard (10 days) course of therapy of the same antibiotic in patients with uncomplicated cellulitis.

Methods: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine if 5 days of therapy has equal efficacy to 10 days of therapy for patients with cellulitis.

Prolonged stability of antimicrobial activity in peritoneal dialysis solutions.

Objective: To evaluate the stability of the antimicrobial chemical and bioactivity of gentamicin, vancomycin, and gentamicin and vancomycin in combination, and the stability of the bioactivity of ceftazidime, admixed in standard peritoneal dialysis solutions and then maintained over a 14-day period at room temperature or under refrigeration.

Setting: Peritoneal dialysis center and microbiology laboratory at a military, teaching medical center.

Measurements: Standard peritoneal dialysate bags admixed with gentamicin, vancomycin, gentamicin and vancomycin in combination, or ceftazidime were stored at either 4 degrees C or 20 degrees C for 14 days.

Cubane tetrameric complexes of copper(I) chloride and bromide with triphenyl phosphite.

The crystal structures of tetra-mu 3-chloro-tetrakis[(triphenyl phosphite-P)copper(I)], [Cu4Cl4(C18H15O3P)4], and tetra-mu 3-bromo-tetrakis [(triphenyl phosphite-P)-copper(I)], [Cu4Br4(C18H15O3P)4], are described. Both have distorted 'cubane' Cu4X4 cores. Distortion of the cubane structure is reflected in X-Cu-X angles > 90 degrees and Cu-X-Cu angles < 90 degrees, and is more pronounced in the bromide complex.

Locus of control differences in memory recall strategies when confronted with noise.

In some individuals, noise appears to have an adverse effect on memory recall. This decrement may result from a shift in the memory strategy being employed. Studies have shown memory strategies used by persons with an internal locus of control differ from those used by persons with an external locus of control.

Human-liver alanine aminopeptidase. A kinin-converting enzyme sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics.

Human liver alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.

Inhibition of Bacillus subtilis aminopeptidase D by beta-lactam antibiotics.

Penicillins and cephalosporins inhibit the hydrolysis of D-alanyl-beta-naphthylamide by aminopeptidase D (EC 3.4.11.

Human kidney alanine aminopeptidase: physical and kinetic properties of a sialic acid containing glycoprotein.

Human kidney alanine aminopeptidase has been purified to apparent homogeneity as judged by electrophoresis and sedimentation in the analytical ultracentrifuge. Amino acid analyses indicate that the enzyme is high in tryptophan content and low in cysteine content. The enzyme contains sialic acid, hexoses, and glucosamine, which make up 21% of its dry weight.

Subcellular localization of the alterations in phosphatidylinositol metabolism following glucose-induced insulin release from rat pancreatic islets.

The subcellular localization of the incorporation of 2-(3H)-myoinositol into lipids has been studied in isolated pancreatic islets of the rat. The recovery of lipid-bound myoinositol increased with time in the nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal, and secretory granule fractions. The utilization of a filtration technique for the more complete separation of mitochondrial and secretory granule elements permitted us to show that the recovery of lipid-bound 2-(3H)-myoinositol increased most rapidly in the secretory granule fraction.

Aminopeptidases of Bacillus subtilis.

Three enzymes with L- and one enzyme with D-aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11; alpha-aminoacyl peptide hydrolase) activity have been separated from each other and partially purified from Bacillus subtilis 168 W.