Novel automated method to assess group dynamics reveals deficits in behavioral contagion in rats with social deficits.

Behavioral copying is a key process in group actions, but it is challenging for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated behavioral contagion, or instinctual replication of behaviors, in Krushinky-Molodkina (KM) rats ( = 16), a new potential rodent model for ASD, compared to control Wistar rats ( = 15). A randomly chosen healthy Wistar male ("demonstrator rat") was introduced to the homecage of experimental rats ("observers") 10-14 days before the experiments to become a member of the group.

Pulse Shape Effects in Electrocaloric Cooling.

We report on the solution of the heat equation, which describes the electrocaloric effect in a ferroelectric layer. The dependence of the heat flux at the layer interface and the thermodynamic efficiency on the shape and frequency of the applied pulse is investigated. According to the calculations, the dependence of the efficiency on the frequency for a rectangular and sinusoidal pulse has a markedly different character.

[The efficacy of endoscopic endosonography in diagnosis of benign and malignant stenoses of common bile duct].

Aim: To define criteria and to estimate diagnostic significance of endosonography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant stenoses of common bile duct.

Material And Methods: We presented the results of survey and treatment of 57 patients with benign and malignant stenoses of common bile duct. The technique of endosonography is described.

[Endosonography in the T-staging of pancreatic cancer].

Pancreatic cancer is the sixth among all oncologic diseases and takes the 4th place on cancer mortality in the world. Pancreatic cancer has poor prognosis. Survival for the 5 years after diagnosis is less than 5%.

Modeling of efficient solid-state cooler on layered multiferroics.

We have developed theoretical foundations for the design and optimization of a solid-state cooler working through caloric and multicaloric effects. This approach is based on the careful consideration of the thermodynamics of a layered multiferroic system. The main section of the paper is devoted to the derivation and solution of the heat conduction equation for multiferroic materials.

[Diagnostics and tactics of gastrointestinal stromal tumor surgical treatment].

45 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) were under observation. In 30 cases the GIST came from the stomach, in 8 cases - from the duodenum, and in 7 cases - from the small intestine. In all cases the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical study.

[The development of severe methemoglobinemia in patients receiving "Almagel A"].

This clinical case and the literature review show possible development of methemoglobinemia due to the use of local anesthetics, included in drugs for the gastrointestinal diseases treatment, in particular benzocaine, which is the methaemoglobin forming agent. These drugs are common and often taken by the patients themselves without any control. The aim of our paper is to draw the attention of physicians to the risk of the widely known drug administration which can be purchased without a prescription.

An analytical approach for scanning probe microscope-tip electrostatic field distribution accounting for dead layer and domain wall.

We have proposed a new theoretical approach for the determination of the electric field distribution in the ferroelectric/dielectric system with the presence of the SPM tip. The initial statement of the model has only a numerical solution. To find an analytical solution of the problem, some assumptions are introduced: the domain wall thickness can be considered to be much smaller than the domain size, and we use a high ferroelectric dielectric permittivity.

Oxygen release technique as a method for the determination of "δ-pO2-T" diagrams for MIEC oxides.

A new approach to the determination of oxygen nonstoichiometry (δ) of MIEC oxides as a continuous function of pO2 at high temperatures was developed. The description of the model allowing one to distinguish the contribution of oxygen released from the samples to the partial pressure of oxygen at the outlet of the continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor after the stepwise change of the oxygen partial pressure of inlet gas from 0.2 to 10(-5) atm and to calculate the dependence of δ on pO2 is presented.

[Endoscopic trachea stenting for scar strictures as a preparation for the surgical treatment].

The article analyzes the results of the endoscopic tracheal stenting of 33 patients with cicatrical stenosis. The patients aged 19-72 years. All patients had the acquired stenosis after intubation and tracheostomy.

[Robotic-assisted and laparoscopic hepatic resections for nonparasitic cysts of posterior liver segments].

Results of 36 robotic-assisted and laparoscopic hepatic resections for nonparasitic cysts of posterior liver segments were demonstrated. Technical aspects of the procedure, advantages and drawbacks of each method were discussed. Important intra- and postoperative indexes were compared.

[Tactics of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis].

585 patients were operated on the reason of chronic pancreatitis. 246 patients received various drainig operations: cystojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis (n=97), longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy (n=86), external draining of the absceding postnecrotic cysts (n=51), internal draining (n=12). Resections of the pancreas were performed in 327 cases: Frey operation (n=83), Beger operation (n=46), pancreatoduodenal resection (n=61) - of them 55 were suspicious to cancer and 6 had pancreatic dystrophy.

[Endoscopic diagnostics and treatment of submucous tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract].

The endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is considered to be the leading method of diagnostic of the submucous gastrointestinal tumors. Results of diagnostics and treatment of submucous tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract in 38 patients were analyzed. EUS was performed in 37 (97,4%) of patients, which allowed to detect the origin, size and localization of the tumor.

[Endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas].

In this article presented results of examination and treatment of 30 patients with suspected neuroendocrine tumors (NEO) of the pancreas during the period from 2007 to 2010. In the 22 cases were identified solitary pancreatic tumor, and 4 observations--multiple. Functioning NEO were detected in 19 observations, dysfunctional--7.

[Endosonographic diagnostics of hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases].

Clinical use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) diagnostics of 550 patients with diseases of hepatobiliary and pancreas was analyzed. The procedure of the examination was thoroughly described. Ultrasound semiotics of the pancreas, papilla Vateri and bile ducts' lesions was defined.

[Endoscopic diagnostics and management of postoperative gastrointestinal bleedings].

The features of clinical course, the frequency and the pattern of gastrointestinal bleedings after diverse abdominal operations were studied over a period of time from 1993 to 2006. Postoperative gastrointestinal bleedings were observed at 503 patients. The frequency of postoperative gastrointestinal bleedings amounted 0.

[Endoscopic ultrasonography in diagnosis of surgical treatment of pancreas].

Results of endoscopic ultrasonography at 137 patients suspected for pancreas pathology are analyzed. Methodology of endoscopic ultrasonography, semiotics of pancreas surgical diseases, advantages over other diagnostic methods are described. Endosonography is informative method for final diagnosis of different disease of pancreas.

[Temporary endoscopic stenting of bile ducts].

Experience of endoscopic stenting for preoperative preparation of patients with various diseases of hepatopancreatobiliary zone and high surgical risk is analyzed. Internal drainage (stenting) of bile ducts was performed at 45 (58%) patients, external - at 24 (31.1%), combined external-internal - at 8 (10.