Analysing false-positive errors when Australian radiographers use preliminary image evaluation.

Introduction: Diagnostic errors in the emergency departments can have major implications on patient outcomes. Preliminary Image Evaluation (PIE) is a brief comment written by a radiographer describing an acute or traumatic pathology on a radiograph and can be used to complement referrer's image interpretation in the absence of the radiologist report. Currently, no studies exist that focus their analysis on false-positive (FP) errors in PIE.

Experiences of embedding gender and sexuality diversity workshops in an undergraduate medical imaging curriculum.

This commentary describes some of the reported challenges of health participation for the gender- and sexuality-diverse (GSD) population, particularly related to medical imaging practice. The approach and student feedback of an undergraduate education initiative to support students in the delivery of culturally competent care are described. The experiences of delivery over a three-year period are reported, including the 2020 online delivery due to COVID-19 precautions.

Assessment of Regulatory Compliance Testing for Vitamin D in Infant Formula-Impact of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/828.

Background: Since the publication of Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR®) for vitamin D in infant formula (SMPR 2011.004) by AOAC INTERNATIONAL, revised vitamin D limits have been recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for infant formula and adopted in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/828. The vitamin D range introduced, 2-2.

The Challenge of Measuring Sweet Taste in Food Ingredients and Products for Regulatory Compliance: A Scientific Opinion.

The Codex Alimentarius Commission, a central part of the joint Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organizations Food Standards Program, adopts internationally recognized standards, guidelines, and code of practices that help ensure safety, quality, and fairness of food trade globally. Although Codex standards are not regulations per se, regulatory authorities around the world may benchmark against these standards or introduce them into regulations within their countries. Recently, the Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses (CCNFSDU) initiated a draft revision to the Codex standard for follow-up formula (FUF), a drink/product (with added nutrients) for young children, to include requirements for limiting or measuring the amount of sweet taste contributed by carbohydrates in a product.

Training undergraduate students for rapid on-site evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology samples using a simulation-based education activity.

Introduction: Demand for rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is rising and the role is increasingly being performed by non-medical cytologists. Undergraduate training for cytologists has traditionally focused on laboratory-based procedural activities and their theoretical underpinning, with minimal attention given to communication and other skills required to operate in an interprofessional setting. We evaluated the effectiveness and student reaction to a simulation-based education (SBE) exercise in ROSE designed to fill this void.

An analysis of radiographer preliminary image evaluation - A focus on common false negatives.

Introduction: Preliminary image evaluation (PIE) is a mechanism whereby radiographers provide a preliminary evaluation of whether pathology is present in their radiographs, typically acquired within the emergency department (ED). PIE provides referrers with a timely communication of pathology prior to the availability of a radiology report. The purpose of this study was to determine the most common radiographer PIE false-negative interpretations.

The proportion of computed tomography kidneys, ureters and bladder (CTKUB) scans that comply with scan extent protocol in an emergency department: a clinical audit and dose ramification study.

Introduction: To assess computed tomography kidneys, ureters and bladder (CTKUB) scan extent protocol compliance and associated doses in the Emergency Department (ED) of an Australian tertiary hospital.

Methods: A retrospective clinical audit of 150 consecutive ED CTKUB cases was completed. For each patient, scan extent compliance at the superior (kidneys) and inferior (pubic symphysis) borders, in reference to the protocol was recorded.

The use of virtual reality computed tomography simulation within a medical imaging and a radiation therapy undergraduate programme.

Introduction: The use of virtual reality (VR) simulation in the education of healthcare professionals has expanded into the field of medical radiation sciences. The purpose of this research was to report on the student experience of the integration of VR education for both medical imaging (MI) and radiation therapy (RT) students in learning computed tomography (CT) scanning.

Methods: A survey was performed to evaluate students' perceived confidence in performing diagnostic and planning CT scans in the clinical environment following VR CT simulation tutorials.

An investigation into the effect of changing the computed tomography slice reconstruction interval on the spatial replication accuracy of three-dimensional printed anatomical models constructed by fused deposition modelling.

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) printed models can be constructed utilising computed tomography (CT) data. This project aimed to determine the effect of changing the slice reconstruction interval (SRI) on the spatial replication accuracy of 3D-printed anatomical models constructed by fused deposition modelling (FDM).

Methods: Three bovine vertebrae and an imaging phantom were imaged using a CT scanner.

Reject rate analysis in digital radiography: an Australian emergency imaging department case study.

Introduction: Reject analysis in digital radiography (DR) helps guide the education and training of staff, influences department workflow, reduces patient dose and improves department efficiency. The purpose of this study was to investigate rejected radiographs at a major metropolitan emergency imaging department to help form a benchmark of reject rates for DR and to assess what radiographs are being rejected and why.

Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was undertaken as an in-depth clinical audit.

Bi-plane and single plane angiography: a study to compare contrast usage and radiation doses for adult cardiac patients in diagnostic studies.

Objective:: This study compares the performance of bi-plane coronary angiography against single plane angiography in terms of the volume of contrast used (ml) and the total dose-area product (DAP) (μGym) to the patient measured directly via flat panel detectors.

Methods:: A total of 5176 adult diagnostic cardiac angiograms from a hospital in Brisbane, Australia were retrospectively studied. Patients with aortograms, iliac or femoral artery imaging, and stenting or graft interventions were excluded.

The development and evaluation of a medical imaging training immersive environment.

Introduction: A novel realistic 3D virtual reality (VR) application has been developed to allow medical imaging students at Queensland University of Technology to practice radiographic techniques independently outside the usual radiography laboratory.

Methods: A flexible agile development methodology was used to create the software rapidly and effectively. A 3D gaming environment and realistic models were used to engender presence in the software while tutor-determined gold standards enabled students to compare their performance and learn in a problem-based learning pedagogy.

Free and total carnitine in infant and adult/pediatric nutritional formulas by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: first action 2012.17.

Data from a previously published study in J. AOAC Int. 91,130-142 (2008) was presented to the Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) during the AOAC Annual Meeting held in Las Vegas, NV, from September 30 to October 3, 2012.

Cottus specus, a new troglomorphic species of sculpin (Cottidae) from southeastern Missouri.

Cottus specus, a new species, is described from the karst regions of the Bois Brule drainage in eastern Missouri, USA. Cottus specus is distinguishable from all members of the genus Cottus using both genetic and morphological characters, including eye size and cephalic pore size. Cottus specus represents the first description of a cave species within Cottus.

Species limits and phylogeography of North American cricket frogs (Acris: Hylidae).

Cricket frogs are widely distributed across the eastern United States and two species, the northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans) and the southern cricket frog (A. gryllus) are currently recognized. We generated a phylogenetic hypothesis for Acris using fragments of nuclear and mitochondrial genes in separate and combined phylogenetic analyses.

Single-laboratory validation of a liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of free and total carnitine in infant formula and raw ingredients.

A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for the determination of free carnitine (FC) and total carnitine (TC) in infant formula and raw ingredients. Preparation of samples for FC determination required only nonvolumetric dilution in water, followed by filtration. Determination of TC in whey-based samples required a common saponification procedure, which hydrolyzed the acylcarnitines to FC.

An adaptive evolutionary shift in Fusarium head blight pathogen populations is driving the rapid spread of more toxigenic Fusarium graminearum in North America.

Analysis of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen diversity revealed that 3ADON producing Fusarium graminearum are prevalent in North America and identified significant population structure associated with trichothecene chemotype differences (F(ST)>0.285; P<0.001).

Global molecular surveillance reveals novel Fusarium head blight species and trichothecene toxin diversity.

To expand our knowledge of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen and trichothecene toxin diversity, a global collection of 2100 isolates was screened for novel genetic variation, resulting in the identification of 16 phylogenetically divergent FHB isolates. The affinities and taxonomic status of these novel isolates were evaluated via phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data (13 genes; 16.3 kb/strain) together with analyses of their morphology, pathogenicity to wheat, and trichothecene toxin potential.

Sexual reproduction in the soybean sudden death syndrome pathogen Fusarium tucumaniae.

We investigated the sexual reproductive mode of the two most important etiological agents of soybean sudden death syndrome, Fusarium tucumaniae and Fusarium virguliforme. F. tucumaniae sexual crosses often were highly fertile, making it possible to assign mating type and assess female fertility in 24 South American isolates.

Identification, definition and quantification of goods and services provided by marine biodiversity: implications for the ecosystem approach.

This paper identifies and defines ecosystem goods and services provided by marine biodiversity. Case studies have been used to provide an insight into the practical issues associated with the assessment of marine ecosystem goods and services at specific locations. The aim of this research was to validate the definitions of goods and services, and to identify knowledge gaps and likely difficulties of quantifying the goods and services.