A potential gateway to understanding liver disease development: peripartum lipid fluctuations in dairy cows.

Current lifestyles are leading to a worldwide increase in metabolic liver diseases that favor the development of liver disease. Changes in hepatocytes are caused by altered lipid concentrations, oxidative stress or toxicity by individual lipids. The complexity of the underlying processes and differences of the pathology to proposed rodent models makes the development of an effective targeted therapy difficult.

Effect of a driving pressure-limiting strategy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to community-acquired pneumonia: the STAMINA randomised clinical trial.

Background: This study aimed to assess whether a driving pressure-limiting strategy based on positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration according to best respiratory system compliance and tidal volume adjustment increases the number of ventilator-free days within 28 days in patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: This is a multi-centre, randomised trial, enrolling adults with moderate to severe ARDS secondary to community-acquired pneumonia. Patients were randomised to a driving pressure-limiting strategy or low PEEP strategy based on a PEEP:FiO table.

Soluble Glycoprotein VI Levels Assessed Locally within the Extra- and Intracerebral Circulation in Hyper-Acute Thromboembolic Stroke: A Pilot Study.

Severe acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is mainly caused by thromboembolism originating from symptomatic carotid artery (ICA) stenosis or in the heart due to atrial fibrillation. Glycoprotein VI (GPVI), a principal platelet receptor, facilitates platelet adherence and thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury such as symptomatic ICA stenosis. The shedding of GPVI from the platelet surface releases soluble GPVI (sGPVI) into the circulation.

Prospective, randomized, controlled trial assessing the effects of a driving pressure-limiting strategy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to community-acquired pneumonia (STAMINA trial): protocol and statistical analysis plan.

Background: Driving pressure has been suggested to be the main driver of ventilator-induced lung injury and mortality in observational studies of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Whether a driving pressure-limiting strategy can improve clinical outcomes is unclear.

Objective: To describe the protocol and statistical analysis plan that will be used to test whether a driving pressure-limiting strategy including positive end-expiratory pressure titration according to the best respiratory compliance and reduction in tidal volume is superior to a standard strategy involving the use of the ARDSNet low-positive end-expiratory pressure table in terms of increasing the number of ventilator-free days in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to community-acquired pneumonia.

A method for estimating the outer exposure of dairy cows to deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) as a precondition for risk assessment based on inner exposure with toxin residue levels in blood and urine as indicators.

DON and ZEN residues in the blood and urine of dairy cows can be used to predict the outer exposure to DON and ZEN expressed per kilogram diet for a risk evaluation based on comparisons to critical dietary concentrations. This method was used to evaluate the exposure of dairy cows from 12 farms located in Brandenburg, Germany, fed rations with unknown DON and ZEN concentrations (N = 244). The corresponding diet concentrations predicted by different methods from analyzed blood and urine samples varied significantly amongst farms from 0 to 1.

Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of limbus artificial intelligence software to augment contouring for prostate and nodes radiotherapy.

Objectives: To determine if Limbus, an artificial intelligence (AI) auto-contouring software, can offer meaningful time savings for prostate radiotherapy treatment planning.

Methods: Three clinical oncologists recorded the time taken to contour prostate and seminal vesicles, lymph nodes, bladder, rectum, bowel, and femoral heads on CT scans for 30 prostate patients (15 prostate, 15 prostate and nodes). Limbus 1.

Case report: Teat stenosis in a suckler cow.

Bovine veterinarians are regularly confronted with teat lesions in cows. The number of studies on the diagnosis and treatment of teat lesions as well as the exchange of practical experience among clinicians are extensive in dairy cows compared with suckler cows. The aim of this case report was to describe the successful treatment of teat stenosis in a suckler cow and discuss possible challenges.

A Sustainable Translational Sheep Model for Planned Cesarean Delivery of Contraction-Free Ewes.

We evaluated whether the sheep constitutes a useful translational model to evaluate anatomical and surgical aspects of cesarean delivery (CD) from a human medical perspective with the aim of both maternal and neonatal well-being. Our hypothesis was that CD in contraction-free ewes is not associated with major complications. Primary endpoint was the transferability of anatomical conditions and surgical techniques of CD from the ewe to the human.

Evaluation of multifactorial digestive disorders in a dairy herd at different stages of lactation.

The manager of a large dairy herd (total confinement, total mixed ration feeding, 10130 kg milk sold per cow and year) requested a workup of a digestive disorder problem that had been ongoing for several years. The cows were at all stages of lactation, and the incidence proportion (events/100 cows at risk) of digestive disorders was approximately 5 to 10%. The clinical picture included an abnormal demeanor of varying severity and signs that differed among the cows.

[Risk factors for infectious foot -disorders on two Swiss cattle -mountain pastures].

In the present study, risk groups for infectious foot disorders were identified on two large Swiss cattle mountain pastures by analyzing animal and treatment data of a total of 3256 animals of the bovine species. Both mountain pastures were part of the Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG) consultancy project «Healthy animals, attractive herdsmen positions and less medication on large cattle mountain pastures». The project was launched in 2020 following the increased incidence of lameness on these mountain pastures.

Abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid during late pregnancy and early lactation affects immunohematological and oxidative stress markers in dairy cows.

Oxidative stress and inflammation, as natural parts of metabolic adaptations during the transition from late gestation to early lactation, are critical indicators of dairy cows' metabolic health. This study was designed to investigate the effects of abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids (EFA), particularly α-linolenic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on plasma, erythrocyte, and liver markers of oxidative stress in dairy cows during the transition period. Rumen-cannulated German Holstein cows (n = 38) in their second lactation (11,101 ± 1,118 kg milk/305 d, mean ± standard deviation) were abomasally infused with one of the following treatments from d -63 antepartum until d 63 postpartum (PP): CTRL (n = 9; 76 g/d coconut oil); EFA (n = 9; 78 g/d linseed plus 4 g/d safflower oil); CLA (n = 10; isomers cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA; 38 g/d); and EFA+CLA (n = 10; 120 g/d).

Healthiness and environmental impact of dinner recipes vary widely across developed countries.

Contrary to food ingredients, little is known about recipes' healthiness or environmental impact. Here we examine 600 dinner recipes from Norway, the UK and the USA retrieved from cookbooks and the Internet. Recipe healthiness was assessed by adherence to dietary guidelines and aggregate health indicators based on front-of-pack nutrient labels, while environmental impact was assessed through greenhouse gas emissions and land use.

Aging-related predictive factors for oxygenation improvement and mortality in COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients exposed to prone position: A multicenter cohort study.

Background: Elderly patients are more susceptible to Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and are more likely to develop it in severe forms, (e.g., Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [ARDS]).

Effects of physical training on functional, clinical, morphological, behavioural and psychosocial outcomes in post-COVID-19 infection: COVID-19 and REhabilitation study (CORE-study)-a study protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic remains ongoing, with a significant number of survivors who have experienced moderate to severe clinical conditions and who have suffered losses of great magnitude, especially in functional capacity, triggering limitations to daily autonomy and quality of life. Among the possibilities of intervention for disease rehabilitation, physical exercise training stands out, which can benefit several health outcomes and favours the adoption of healthier behaviours. Therefore, the aim of the study will be to analyse the effects of physical training on the functional, clinical, morphological, behavioural and psychosocial status in adults and the elderly following COVID-19 infection.

Development of an electronic interface for transfer of antimicrobial administration data in dairy farms.

Surveillance of antimicrobial administration in livestock production is an important factor in global policies to reduce spreading of antimicrobial resistance. In recent years, many studies have been carried out concerning the usage of antimicrobials in animal production and in some countries recording of antimicrobial quantities dispensed to famers is mandatory. On cattle farms, antimicrobial treatments are recorded for fattening calves under 8 months of age and for fattening cattle older than 8 months in Germany and treatment frequencies are then calculated.

Investigation of the Adsorption of Hydrogen Sulfide on Faujasite Zeolites Focusing on the Influence of Cations.

During the conversion of natural gas to liquified natural gas, sulfur components are separated by adsorption on zeolites. New zeolite materials may improve this adsorption process. In this paper, the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide is studied on seven faujasite (FAU) zeolites, which differ only in the number of sodium and calcium cations.

Post-viral fatigue in COVID-19: A review of symptom assessment methods, mental, cognitive, and physical impairment.

Coronavirus 2 is responsible for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the main sequela is persistent fatigue. Post-viral fatigue is common and affects patients with mild, asymptomatic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, the exact mechanisms involved in developing post-COVID-19 fatigue remain unclear.

Targeting of a Conserved Epitope in Mouse and Human GPVI Differently Affects Receptor Function.

Glycoprotein (GP) VI is the major platelet collagen receptor and a promising anti-thrombotic target. This was first demonstrated in mice using the rat monoclonal antibody JAQ1, which completely blocks the Collagen-Related Peptide (CRP)-binding site on mouse GPVI and efficiently inhibits mouse platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation on collagen. Here, we show for the first time that JAQ1 cross-reacts with human GPVI (huGPVI), but not with GPVI in other tested species, including rat, rabbit, guinea pig, swine, and dog.

[Treatment, clinical course and outcome of tibial neuropathy in German Holstein cows].

Objective: As a follow-up to a previous study on the incidence, history and clinical findings of tibial neuropathy (TN), the present work aimed at describing the treatment and prognosis of this disease.

Materials And Methods: Of 88 German Holstein dairy cows with unilateral (UTN, n = 71) or bilateral (BTN, n = 17) TN, 68 (56 UTN, 12 BTN) with a complete data set were analyzed. They were retrospectively assigned to one of four groups: no treatment - spontaneous healing within 48 h (Spontaneous, 5 UTN), no bandage (0Cast, 8 UTN, 3 BTN) or treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs and support bandage (StV, 3 UTN) or fiberglass cast (Cast, 40 UTN, 9 BTN).

How language skills and working memory capacities explain mathematical learning from preschool to primary school age: Insights from a longitudinal study.

Between the age span of 3 to 6 years the foundation for children's mathematical learning (i.e., numerical abilities and cognition) are laid.

Effects of an intensive experimental protocol on health, fertility, and production in transition dairy cows.

Animal experimentation is required to investigate complex physiological relationships and facilitates development of evidence-based knowledge. However, experimental protocols can interfere with the daily routine of the animals, result in stress and pain, and have adverse effects on health and production. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of an intensive experimental protocol on health traits and production in transition dairy cows.

Radiation doses from low-dose CT scans in SPECT/CT and PET/CT examinations: A survey in Germany.

Aim: Recently, dose reference levels (DRLs) have been defined in Germany for auxiliary low-dose CT scans in hybrid SPECT/CT and PET/CT examinations, based on data from 2016/17. Here, another survey from 2020 was evaluated and compared with the new DRLs as well as with similar surveys from foreign countries.

Methods: The survey, which had already been conducted in the Nordic countries, queried for various examinations including the following values: patient weight and height, volume CT dose index (CTDI), dose length product (DLP).