Comparative analyses of the hemostatic efficacy and surgical device performance of powdered oxidized regenerated cellulose and starch-based powder formulations.

Background: Hemostatic powders offer unique therapeutic advantages over other formulations, including ease of application and rapid distribution over large bleeding surfaces. The efficacy of powder-based hemostats is dependent on device performance, which is rarely investigated independently from efficacy.

Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the hemostatic efficacy of an oxidized regenerated cellulose agent (Surgicel, Ethicon, Inc) and 3 starch-based biopolymers (Arista, Becton Dickinson; PerClot, Baxter International; and 4DryField, PlantTec Medical GmbH) and the performance of their delivery device applicators.

Convergent construct validity and test-retest reliability of both German versions of the original and the revised Niigata PPPD Questionnaire: NPQ and NPQ-R.

Background: Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD) is a frequent chronic functional disorder that manifests with dizziness, unsteadiness, or non-spinning vertigo present for at least 3 months. Characteristic provocation factors are moving or complex visual stimuli and exclusion of organic diseases. To assess the severity and impact of PPPD, Japanese researchers developed the Niigata PPPD Questionnaire (NPQ).

Systematic Review of Rare Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Associated With the Treatment of Acne With Isotretinoin.

Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory condition that is often treated by dermatologists with isotretinoin. Isotretinoin has a number of effects on inflammatory pathways, with clear efficacy in managing acne vulgaris. There are also well-documented side effects of isotretinoin, including hyperlipidemia; however, the overall cardiovascular risk is unclear.

Pregnancy does not affect progression of mild experimental asthma in sheep.

Asthma is the most common respiratory condition during pregnancy and increases the risks of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Asthma symptoms change in ∼60% of pregnancies, but whether this is due to pregnancy itself is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that physiological changes during pregnancy worsen asthma severity in an ovine experimental model of allergic asthma.

In utero exposure to experimental maternal asthma alters fetal airway development in sheep.

The mechanisms linking maternal asthma (MA) exposure in utero and subsequent risk of asthma in childhood are not fully understood. Pathological airway remodelling, including reticular basement membrane thickening, has been reported in infants and children who go on to develop asthma later in childhood. This suggests altered airway development before birth as a mechanism underlying increased risk of asthma in children exposed in utero to MA.

Linking higher amyloid beta 1-38 (Aβ(1-38)) levels to reduced Alzheimer's disease progression risk.

Introduction: The beneficial effects of amyloid beta 1-38, or Aβ(1-38), on Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression in humans in vivo remain controversial. We investigated AD patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ(1-38) and AD progression.

Methods: Cognitive function and diagnostic change were assessed annually for 3 years in 177 Aβ-positive participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia from the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) longitudinal cognitive impairment and dementia study (DELCODE) cohort using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria.

A Quantitative Examination and Comparison of the Ability of Australian Gentamicin Dosing Guidelines to Achieve Target Therapeutic Concentrations in Neonates.

Effective gentamicin dosing is crucial to the survival of neonates with suspected sepsis but requires a careful balance between attaining both effective peak and safe trough concentrations. We aimed to systematically compare existing gentamicin dosing guidelines for neonates in Australia to determine the extent to which they reach therapeutic targets. Simulations of a single gentamicin dose to a virtual representative neonatal population according to each Australian guideline were performed using population pharmacokinetic modelling.

Assessing spatial sequencing and imaging approaches to capture the molecular and pathological heterogeneity of archived cancer tissues.

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) offers enormous potential to decipher the biological and pathological heterogeneity in precious archival cancer tissues. Traditionally, these tissues have rarely been used and only examined at a low throughput, most commonly by histopathological staining. ST adds thousands of times as many molecular features to histopathological images, but critical technical issues and limitations require more assessment of how ST performs on fixed archival tissues.

Dose-intensive therapy (DIT) for infantile Pompe disease: A pilot study.

Background: The current standard of care for infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD), a severe form of acid α-glucosidase enzyme activity deficiency is: (1) detection by newborn screening, (2) early initiation of intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA), with higher doses of rhGAA increasingly used to improve clinical outcomes, and (3) immune tolerization induction (ITI) using to prevent anti-rhGAA antibody formation, with methotrexate (MTX), rituximab, and IVIG used for patients who are cross-reactive immunologic material negative (CRIM-) and monotherapy with MTX used in patients who are cross-reactive immunologic material positive (CRIM+).

Objectives/methods: A pilot study evaluates a dose-intensive therapy (DIT) using high-dose ERT (40 mg/kg/week) and more frequent exposure to ERT (i.e.

Locus coeruleus signal intensity and emotion regulation in agitation in Alzheimer's disease.

Hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation is seen in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus from the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease onwards and has been associated with symptoms of agitation. It is hypothesized that compensatory locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system overactivity and impaired emotion regulation could underlie agitation propensity, but to our knowledge this has not previously been investigated. A better understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of agitation would help the development of targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Discrimination of benign, atypical, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1 - intraindividual comparison of positron emission computed tomography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: To intraindividually compare the diagnostic performance of positron emission computed tomography (F-18-FDG-PET/CT) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in a non-inferiority design for the discrimination of peripheral nerve sheath tumours as benign (BPNST), atypical (ANF), or malignant (MPNST) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

Results: In this prospective single-centre study, thirty-four NF1 patients (18 male; 30 ± 11 years) underwent F-18-FDG-PET/CT and multi-b-value DW-MRI (11 b-values 0 - 800 s/mm²) at 3T. Sixty-six lesions corresponding to 39 BPNST, 11 ANF, and 16 MPNST were evaluated.

The impact of using cannabis during pregnancy on the infant and mother: An overview of systematic reviews, evidence map, targeted updates, and de novo synthesis.

Background: Cannabis use during pregnancy is becoming more prevalent. While numerous studies have explored the relationship of cannabis use during pregnancy and outcomes for mothers and infants, uncertainty remains regarding the impact of cannabis use on pregnancy complications and later-life outcomes for offspring.

Aims: To produce a summary of the short and long-term effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on fetal growth and development, neonatal conditions, later-life, and maternal outcomes.

A rapid CAT transformation protocol and nuclear transgene expression tools for metabolic engineering in Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D.

The eukaryotic red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D is an emerging algal host for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Its small nuclear genome (16.5 Mb; 4775 genes), low intron content (39), stable transgene expression, and capacity for homologous recombination into its nuclear genome make it ideal for genetic and metabolic engineering endeavors.

Mid-term results of intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated with minimally invasive two-point distractor : Single center study with 6-year follow-up.

Background: Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures are a complication-ridden injury to treat and there are various treatment techniques to address this injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term outcome of a percutaneous two-point distractor technique in patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.

Methods: A retrospective data analysis of patients with intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated in a level 1 trauma center was conducted.

Dual-track spectrometer design for 1D gas-phase Raman spectroscopy.

In this study, a new design for a 1D gas-phase Raman spectrometer is presented, utilizing two dedicated tracks to image different properties of the measured signal onto a single charge-coupled device (CCD) chip. Two possible configurations are shown: a polarization-separation configuration, which separates the detected Raman signal into s- and p-polarized shares; and a dual-resolution configuration, which captures all process-relevant species in a range of approximately 515-4650 cm on one track and the highly resolved nitrogen spectrum on the other. This new spectrometer design offers several advantages when compared to traditional polarization-separation/dual-resolution systems, which often use switchable filters or two different spectrometers in tandem to achieve comparable measurements.

Clomiphene citrate medication for infertility and risk of stillbirth or neonatal death: a population-based cohort study.

Context: Women achieving pregnancy with infertility treatment may be at increased risk of stillbirth and neonatal death.

Objective: To assess associations between clomiphene citrate (CC) use and perinatal death.

Design: Whole of population data linkage cohort.

Betamethasone improved near-term neonatal lamb lung maturation in experimental maternal asthma.

Maternal asthma is associated with increased rates of neonatal lung disease, and fetuses from asthmatic ewes have fewer surfactant-producing cells and lower surfactant-protein B gene (SFTPB) expression than controls. Antenatal betamethasone increases lung surfactant production in preterm babies, and we therefore tested this therapy in experimental maternal asthma. Ewes were sensitised to house dust mite allergen, and an asthmatic phenotype induced by fortnightly allergen lung challenges; controls received saline.

Relationship between GPS-based community mobility data and orthopedic trauma admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria: a multicenter analysis.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between mobility patterns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and orthopedic trauma patients in Austria. Utilizing global positioning system (GPS)-based mobility data, the attempt was to assess both the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on reducing orthopedic trauma patients and the degree of compliance to the imposed movement restrictions.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included all patients (283,501) treated at 3 major level I trauma centers in Austria.