Accuracy of echocardiographic area-length method in chronic myocardial infarction: comparison with cardiac CT in pigs.

Background: We evaluated echocardiographic area-length methods to measure left ventricle (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) in parasternal short axis views in comparison with cardiac computed tomography (CT) in pigs with chronic myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: Male farm pigs with surgical occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (n = 9) or sham operation (n = 5) had transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac-CT 3 months after surgery. We measured length of the LV in parasternal long axis view, and both systolic and diastolic LV areas in parasternal short axis views at the level of mitral valve, papillary muscles and apex.

Age-related impairment on a forced-choice version of the Mnemonic Similarity Task.

Previous studies from our lab have indicated that healthy older adults are impaired in their ability to mnemonically discriminate between previously viewed objects and similar lure objects in the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). These studies have used either old/similar/new or old/new test formats. The forced-choice test format (e.

The BioGRID interaction database: 2017 update.

The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID: https://thebiogrid.org) is an open access database dedicated to the annotation and archival of protein, genetic and chemical interactions for all major model organism species and humans. As of September 2016 (build 3.

Sleep apnoea and the neurologist.

There is increasing awareness and interest in the complex and extensive inter-relationships between sleep disorders and neurological disorders. This review focuses on the clinical interactions between obstructive sleep apnoea and stroke, headaches, epilepsy, cognition and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. We highlight to the neurologist the importance of taking a sleep history and considering the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea.

A harmonized segmentation protocol for hippocampal and parahippocampal subregions: Why do we need one and what are the key goals?

The advent of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has enabled in vivo research in a variety of populations and diseases on the structure and function of hippocampal subfields and subdivisions of the parahippocampal gyrus. Because of the many extant and highly discrepant segmentation protocols, comparing results across studies is difficult. To overcome this barrier, the Hippocampal Subfields Group was formed as an international collaboration with the aim of developing a harmonized protocol for manual segmentation of hippocampal and parahippocampal subregions on high-resolution MRI.

The direct oxidative diene cyclization and related reactions in natural product synthesis.

The direct oxidative cyclization of 1,5-dienes is a valuable synthetic method for the (dia)stereoselective preparation of substituted tetrahydrofurans. Closely related reactions start from 5,6-dihydroxy or 5-hydroxyalkenes to generate similar products in a mechanistically analogous manner. After a brief overview on the history of this group of transformations and a survey on mechanistic and stereochemical aspects, this review article provides a summary on applications in natural product synthesis.

Radiology Case of the Month: Persistent Lateral Foot Pain.

A 33-year-old female presents with persistent lateral foot pain. Patient does not recall prior trauma that may have led to injury. Symptoms are significantly improved with rest and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications.

Quantitative analysis of the role of fiber length on phagocytosis and inflammatory response by alveolar macrophages.

Background: In the lung, macrophages attempt to engulf inhaled high aspect ratio pathogenic materials, secreting inflammatory molecules in the process. The inability of macrophages to remove these materials leads to chronic inflammation and disease. How the biophysical and biochemical mechanisms of these effects are influenced by fiber length remains undetermined.

Effects of wheat source and particle size in meal and pelleted diets on finishing pig growth performance, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility.

Two experiments were conducted to test the effects of wheat source and particle size in meal and pelleted diets on finishing pig performance, carcass characteristics, and diet digestibility. In Exp. 1, pigs (PIC 327 × 1050; = 288; initially 43.

Evaluation of the minimum infectious dose of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in virus-inoculated feed.

OBJECTIVE To determine the minimum infectious dose of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in virus-inoculated feed. ANIMALS 30 crossbred 10-day-old pigs. PROCEDURES Tissue culture PEDV was diluted to form 8 serial 10-fold dilutions.

Total Synthesis of Cytospolide D and Its Biomimetic Conversion to Cytospolides M, O, and Q.

A total synthesis of cytospolide D, starting from l-glutamic acid, is described. The critical macrolactonization to the 10-membered lactone containing an (E)-configured double bond was successfully achieved by Shiina esterification. Conversion of cytospolide D to its bicyclic derivatives M, O, and Q was accomplished under mild conditions, lending support to the proposed biosynthetic hypothesis.

Early vibration assisted physiotherapy in toddlers with cerebral palsy - a randomized controlled pilot trial.

Objectives: to investigate feasibility, safety and efficacy of home-based side-alternating whole body vibration (sWBV) to improve motor function in toddlers with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: Randomized controlled trial including 24 toddlers with CP (mean age 19 months (SD±3.1); 13 boys).

Modular and Stereodivergent Approach to Unbranched 1,5,9,n-Polyenes: Total Synthesis of Chatenaytrienin-4.

An iterative strategy for the stereodivergent synthesis of unbranched 1,5,9,n-polyenes (and -polyynes) was investigated. Starting from a terminal alkyne the iteration cycle consists of a C3 extension (allylation), a chemoselective hydroboration, an alkyne reduction, and an oxidation of the associated alcohol with subsequent C1 homologation. Double bond geometry is controlled using stereoselective alkyne reductions, employing either the Lindlar hydrogenation protocol or an aluminum hydride reduction.

5 year retrospective follow-up of new cases of Charcot neuroarthropathy-A single centre experience.

Background: Few data describe the natural history of Charcot neuroarthropathy treated with a total contact plaster cast (TCC).

Methods: A 5 year retrospective analysis of 50 patients presenting with an acute CN, Assessing time to clinical resolution into appropriate footwear and assessing if initial immobilisation device influenced resolution time.

Results: During the study period 42 patients (84%) of patients went into remission, 2 died during their treatment, 4 had major amputations, in 2 patients treatment was ongoing.

Characteristics associated with the application of an ecological approach to preventing childhood obesity.

Objective: Applying an ecological approach to childhood obesity prevention requires a new way of thinking and working for many community-based practitioners who are used to focusing on individual behaviour change. The present study investigated individual and organizational characteristics associated with the application of an ecological approach by practitioners 6 months post-training.

Design: Individual and organizational characteristics and outcomes of a 6-week online training course were assessed at pre-course, post-course and 6-month follow-up.

Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia (Masson's Tumor) of the Radial Artery: A Case Report.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), often referred to as Masson's tumor, is a benign non-neoplastic vascular lesion of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Although it is rare, knowledge of the existence of IPEH is important as it can mimic other benign and malignant tumors, most notably angiosarcoma. IPEH remains an incompletely understood entity; however, most consider it to be the result of reactive endothelial proliferation following thrombus formation within a vessel, vascular malformation, or adjacent to a vessel.

Systemic Dosing of Thymosin Beta 4 before and after Ischemia Does Not Attenuate Global Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Pigs.

The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamping causes myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (I-RI) and can lead to reduced postoperative cardiac function. We investigated whether this injury could be attenuated by thymosin beta 4 (TB4), a peptide which has showed cardioprotective effects. Pigs received either TB4 or vehicle and underwent CPB and aortic cross-clamping for 60 min with cold intermittent blood-cardioplegia and were then followed for 30 h.

The characterisation of diesel exhaust particles - composition, size distribution and partitioning.

A number of major research questions remain concerning the sources and properties of road traffic generated particulate matter. A full understanding of the composition of primary vehicle exhaust aerosol and its contribution to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation still remains elusive, and many uncertainties exist relating to the semi-volatile component of the particles. Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) are compounds which partition directly between the gas and aerosol phases under ambient conditions.

An evaluation of total starch and starch gelatinization methodologies in pelleted animal feed.

The quantification of total starch content (TS) or degree of starch gelatinization (DG) in animal feed is always challenging because of the potential interference from other ingredients. In this study, the differences in TS or DG measurement in pelleted swine feed due to variations in analytical methodology were quantified. Pelleted swine feed was used to create 6 different diets manufactured with various processing conditions in a 2 × 3 factorial design (2 conditioning temperatures, 77 or 88°C, and 3 conditioning retention times, 15, 30, or 60 s).

Primary renal magnesium wasting: an unusual clinical picture of exercise-induced symptoms.

Magnesium is one of the most abundant cations in the human body and plays a key role as a metabolic enzyme cofactor and regulatory ion for neurons and cardiomyocytes. Hypomagnesemia due to isolated primary renal magnesium wasting is a rare clinical condition typically associated with neurological hyperexcitability. Exercise-related gastrointestinal symptoms are caused by ischemic, mechanical, or neurohormonal changes.

Granular flow regimes in rotating drums from depth-integrated theory.

Granular flows in rotating drums transition between two regimes characterized by straight and curved free surfaces. Here we predict this behavior using a depth-integrated theory applicable to general eroding flows. Closure is achieved by a local μ(I) rheology and an equation for kinetic energy.

Evaluating Chemical Mitigation of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 in Animal Feed Ingredients.

Salmonella Typhimurium is a potential feed safety hazard in animal feed ingredients. Thermal mitigation of Salmonella spp. during rendering is effective but does not eliminate the potential for cross-contamination.

A methodological pipeline for serial-section imaging and tissue realignment for whole-brain functional and connectivity assessment.

Background: Understanding the neurobiological basis of cognition and behavior, and disruptions to these processes following injury and disease, requires a large-scale assessment of neural populations, and knowledge of their patterns of connectivity.

New Method: We present an analysis platform for large-scale investigation of functional and neuroanatomical connectivity in rodents. Retrograde tracers were injected and in a subset of animals behavioral tests to drive immediate-early gene expression were administered.

A cognitive assessment of highly superior autobiographical memory.

Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM) is characterised as the ability to accurately recall an exceptional number of experiences and their associated dates from events occurring throughout much of one's lifetime. The source of this ability has only begun to be explored. The present study explores whether other enhanced cognitive processes may be critical influences underlying HSAM abilities.