The Overlooked Potential of Sulfated Zirconia: Reexamining Solid Superacidity Toward the Controlled Depolymerization of Polyolefins.

Closed-loop recycling via an efficient chemical process can help alleviate the global plastic waste crisis. However, conventional depolymerization methods for polyolefins, which compose more than 50% of plastics, demand high temperatures and pressures, employ precious noble metals, and/or yield complex mixtures of products limited to single-use fuels or oils. Superacidic forms of sulfated zirconia (SZrO) with Hammet Acidity Functions () ≤ - 12 (i.

CBCT-based Prostate IGRT With and Without Implanted Markers: Assessment of Geometric Corrections and Time for Completion.

Background/aim: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the most commonly used system in modern radiotherapy of prostate cancer for daily positioning verification. The use of intraprostatic radiopaque fiducials (FMs) may be added to CBCT. We wanted to investigate the possible advantage of using FMs in daily CBCT repositioning.

Catalytic Activation of Polyethylene Model Compounds Over Metal-Exchanged Beta Zeolites.

Decomposition of polymers by heterogeneous catalysts presents a promising approach for reuse of waste plastics. We demonstrated non-hydrogenative decomposition of model polyolefins over proton-form and metal (Cu, Ni) ion-exchanged beta (BEA) zeolites at moderate temperatures (around 300 °C). Near complete polyolefin decomposition was observed in batch reactions monitored by thermogravimetric analysis, while decomposition at partial conversion was studied in flow reactions.

Online Biogenic Carbon Analysis Enables Refineries to Reduce Carbon Footprint during Coprocessing Biomass- and Petroleum-Derived Liquids.

To mitigate green-house gas (GHG) emissions, governments around the world are enacting legislation to reduce carbon intensity in transportation fuels. Coprocessing biomass and petroleum-derived liquids in existing refineries is a near-term, cost-effective approach for introducing renewable carbon in fuels and enabling refineries to meet regulatory mandates. However, coprocessing biomass-derived liquids in refineries results in variable degrees of biogenic carbon incorporation, necessitating accurate quantification to verify compliance with mandates.

Molecular Symmetry-Mixed Dichroism in Double Photoionization of H_{2}.

Dichroism in double photoionization of H_{2} molecules by elliptically polarized extreme ultraviolet pulses is formulated analytically as a sum of atomiclike dichroism (AD) and molecular symmetry-mixed dichroism (MSMD) terms. The MSMD originates from an interplay of ^{1}Σ_{u}^{+} and ^{1}Π_{u}^{+} continuum molecular ionization amplitudes. For detection geometries in which the AD vanishes, numerical results for the sixfold differential probabilities for opposite pulse helicities show that the MSMD is significant in the electron momentum and angular distributions and is controllable by the ellipticity.

Performance of plastic electron optics components fabricated using a 3D printer.

We show images produced by an electron beam deflector, a quadrupole lens and a einzel lens fabricated from conducting and non-conducting plastic using a 3D printer. Despite the difficulties associated with the use of plastics in vacuum, such as outgassing, poor conductivity, and print defects, the devices were used successfully in vacuum to steer, stretch and focus electron beams to millimeter diameters. Simulations indicate that much smaller focus spot sizes might be possible for such 3D-printed plastic electron lenses taking into account some possible surface defects.

Control of Harmonic Generation by the Time Delay Between Two-Color, Bicircular Few-Cycle Mid-IR Laser Pulses.

We study control of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) driven by time-delayed, few-cycle ω and 2ω counterrotating mid-IR pulses. Our numerical and analytical study shows that the time delay between the two-color pulses allows control of the harmonic positions, both those allowed by angular momentum conservation and those seemingly forbidden by it. Moreover, the helicity of any particular harmonic is tunable from left to right circular without changing the driving pulse helicity.

Gastric metastasis from cervix carcer: a case report.

Gastric metastasis by solid tumor cancer is a rare event. Concomitant metastases to other organs are frequent, so that this condition is often associated to a poor prognosis. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia are the most common presenting symptoms.

The safety and tolerability of cariprazine in patients with manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder: A 16-week open-label study.

Background: We evaluated the safety/tolerability of longer-term open-label treatment with cariprazine in patients who had responded to cariprazine for acute bipolar mania.

Methods: In this multinational, multicenter study, open-label, flexible-dose, cariprazine 3-12mg/d was administered for up to 16 weeks to patients (18-65 years) with bipolar mania. Safety evaluations included adverse events (AEs), laboratory values, vital signs, and extrapyramidal symptom (EPS) scales.

Sleep-disordered breathing, impaired cardiac adrenergic innervation and prognosis in heart failure.

Objective: Unfavourable effects of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in heart failure (HF) are mainly mediated by impaired sympathetic activity. Few data are available on SDB and cardiac adrenergic impairment evaluated at myocardial level. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between SDB, cardiac sympathetic innervation assessed by I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-MIBG) imaging and prognosis in HF.

Electron vortices in photoionization by circularly polarized attosecond pulses.

Single ionization of He by two oppositely circularly polarized, time-delayed attosecond pulses is shown to produce photoelectron momentum distributions in the polarization plane having helical vortex structures sensitive to the time delay between the pulses, their relative phase, and their handedness. Results are obtained by both ab initio numerical solution of the two-electron time-dependent Schrödinger equation and by a lowest-order perturbation theory analysis. The energy, bandwidth, and temporal duration of attosecond pulses are ideal for observing these vortex patterns.

Efficacy and safety of low- and high-dose cariprazine in acute and mixed mania associated with bipolar I disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Objective: This phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of low- and high-dose cariprazine in patients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder.

Method: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, fixed/flexible-dose study was conducted from February 2010 to December 2011. Patients were randomly assigned to placebo, cariprazine 3-6 mg/d, or cariprazine 6-12 mg/d for 3 weeks of double-blind treatment.

Cariprazine in the treatment of acute mania in bipolar I disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial.

Background: This Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of flexibly-dosed cariprazine in patients with acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder.

Methods: Patients were randomized to 3 weeks of double-blind treatment with cariprazine 3-12mg/day (n=158) or placebo (n=154). The primary efficacy parameter was change from baseline to Week 3 in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score.

Nonlinear Dichroism in Back-to-Back Double Ionization of He by an Intense Elliptically Polarized Few-Cycle Extreme Ultraviolet Pulse.

Control of double ionization of He by means of the polarization and carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of an intense, few-cycle extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse is demonstrated numerically by solving the six-dimensional two-electron, time-dependent Schrödinger equation for He interacting with an elliptically polarized XUV pulse. Guided by perturbation theory (PT), we predict the existence of a nonlinear dichroic effect (∝I^{3/2}) that is sensitive to the CEP, ellipticity, peak intensity I, and temporal duration of the pulse. This dichroic effect (i.

Reactions of liquid and solid aluminum clusters with N2: the role of structure and phase in Al114 (+), Al115 (+), and Al117 (+).

Kinetic energy thresholds have been measured for the chemisorption of N2 onto Al114 (+), Al115 (+), and Al117 (+) as a function of the cluster's initial temperature, from around 200 K up to around 900 K. For all three clusters there is a sharp drop in the kinetic energy threshold of 0.5-0.

The efficacy and tolerability of cariprazine in acute mania associated with bipolar I disorder: a phase II trial.

Objectives: Cariprazine, an orally active and potent dopamine D3 and D2 receptor partial agonist with preferential binding to D3 receptors, is being developed for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar mania. This Phase II trial evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cariprazine versus placebo in the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder.

Methods: This was a multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study of cariprazine 3-12 mg/day in patients with acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder.

An evaluation of the safety and efficacy of cariprazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a phase II, randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Cariprazine is an orally active and potent D3 and D2 partial agonist with preferential binding to D3 receptors in development for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar mania. This study (NCT00694707) evaluated the efficacy and safety of cariprazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia.

Methods: This study was a multinational, double-blind, randomized, placebo- and active-controlled, fixed-dose trial.

Validity of factorization of the high-energy photoelectron yield in above-threshold ionization of an atom by a short laser pulse.

An analytic description for the yield, P(p), of high-energy electrons ionized from an atom by a short (few-cycle) laser pulse is obtained quantum mechanically. Factorization of P(p) in terms of an electron wave packet and the cross section for elastic electron scattering (EES) is shown to occur only for an ultrashort pulse, while in general P(p) involves interference of EES amplitudes with laser-field-dependent momenta. The analytic predictions agree well with accurate numerical results.

Attosecond streaking in the low-energy region as a probe of rescattering.

The dynamics of low-energy photoelectrons (PEs) ionized by a single attosecond pulse in the presence of an intense infrared (IR) laser field is investigated. Whereas attosecond streaking usually involves momentum shifts of high-energy PEs, when PEs have low initial kinetic energies, the IR field can control the continuum-electron dynamics by inducing PE scattering from the residual ion. A semiclassical model is used to show that particular PE trajectories in the continuum involving electron-ion scattering explain the interference patterns exhibited in the low-energy PE spectrum.

Detecting electron motion in atoms and molecules.

The detection of spatial and temporal electronic motion by scattering of subfemtosecond pulses of 10 keV electrons from coherent superpositions of electronic states of both H and T2(+) is investigated. For the H atom, we predict changes in the diffraction images that reflect the time-dependent effective radius of the electronic charge density. For an aligned T2(+) molecule, the diffraction image changes reflect the time-dependent localization or delocalization of the electronic charge density.

Activation of dinitrogen by solid and liquid aluminum nanoclusters: a combined experimental and theoretical study.

Cross sections for chemisorption of N2 onto Al44(+/-) cluster ions have been measured as a function of relative kinetic energy and the temperature of the metal cluster. There is a kinetic energy threshold for chemisorption, indicating that it is an activated process. The threshold energies are around 3.