Student performance on a knowledge-based exam may predict student ability to communicate effectively with a standardized patient during an objective structured clinical examination.

Background: The purpose of this article is to describe the extent that student performance on in-class exams in a drug information course is associated with student performance on medication counseling in a high-stakes assessment using standardized patients (SP).

Methods: Students completed two traditional knowledge-based exams during a drug information and communication course. The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was the final exam for the course.

Predictors of student performance on the Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes Assessment at a new school of pharmacy using admissions and demographic data.

Objectives: To characterize student performance on the Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes Assessment (PCOA) and to determine the significance of specific admissions criteria and pharmacy school performance to predict student performance on the PCOA during the first through third professional years.

Methods: Multivariate linear regression models were developed to study the relationships between various independent variables and students' PCOA total scores during the first through third professional years.

Results: To date, four cohorts have successfully taken the PCOA examination.

The opinion of preceptors and students of very early IPPE rotations delivered concurrently with didactic courses.

Introduction: The Marshall University School of Pharmacy had the opportunity to create an experiential education program where IPPE education was introduced in their P1 year and was concurrent with didactic coursework. The School begins the delivery of experiential education as soon as the sixth week of the first professional year.

Objective: To ascertain the opinion of institutional preceptors, community preceptors, and students after the first academic year to discern viewpoints on the effectiveness and value of very early P1 experiential rotations.

The Identification of Pivotal Transcriptional Factors Mediating Cell Responses to Drugs With Drug-Induced Liver Injury Liabilities.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of drug attrition during drug development and a common reason for drug withdrawal from the market. The poor predictability of conventional animal-based approaches necessitates the development of alternative testing approaches. A body of evidence associates DILI with the induction of stress-response genes in liver cells.

Bone marrow failure and extramedullary hematopoiesis in McCune-Albright syndrome.

In fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome (FD/MAS), bone and bone marrow are, to varying degrees, replaced by fibro-osseous tissue typically devoid of hematopoietic marrow. Despite the extensive marrow replacement in severely affected patients, bone marrow failure is not commonly associated with FD/MAS. We present a 14-year-old girl with FD/MAS, who developed pancytopenia and extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) with no identified cause, in the setting of iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis and hyperparathyroidism.

The prevalence and performance of resistance exercise training activities in an Australian population in relation to health authority guidelines.

Objectives: Resistance training research highlights the importance of training intensity to resistance exercise training (RET) and the associated benefits to health and function for healthy and at-risk populations. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommend specific intensities, frequencies, repetitions, and number of exercises of RET to be performed to maintain health. The primary aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of achieving recommended levels of RET in relation to ACSM guidelines for intensity, frequency, repetitions, and number of exercises in a regional Australian population.

"Here if you need me": exploring peer support to enhance access to physical health care.

Background: People diagnosed with mental illness (hereinafter "consumers") have higher rates of chronic disease and significantly shorter lives than the wider population. Peer workers have become increasingly involved in facilitating access to physical health care, yet the consumer perspective regarding peer involvement is unknown. This absent voice is needed to inform strategic planning and generate solutions to address the current inequity in health status.

Improving Pharmacy Student Communication Outcomes Using Standardized Patients.

To examine whether standardized patient encounters led to an improvement in a student pharmacist-patient communication assessment compared to traditional active-learning activities within a classroom setting. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with second-year pharmacy students in a drug information and communication skills course. Student patient communication skills were assessed using high-stakes communication assessment.

Automated Analysis of Flow Cytometry Data to Reduce Inter-Lab Variation in the Detection of Major Histocompatibility Complex Multimer-Binding T Cells.

Manual analysis of flow cytometry data and subjective gate-border decisions taken by individuals continue to be a source of variation in the assessment of antigen-specific T cells when comparing data across laboratories, and also over time in individual labs. Therefore, strategies to provide automated analysis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) multimer-binding T cells represent an attractive solution to decrease subjectivity and technical variation. The challenge of using an automated analysis approach is that MHC multimer-binding T cell populations are often rare and therefore difficult to detect.

Mechanisms of Skin Toxicity Associated with Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Negative Allosteric Modulators.

Cutaneous reactions represent one of the most common adverse drug effects observed in clinical trials leading to substantial compound attrition. Three negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which represent an important target for neurological diseases, developed by Pfizer, were recently failed in preclinical development due to delayed type IV skin hypersensitivity observed in non-human primates (NHPs). Here we employed large-scale phenotypic profiling in standardized panels of human primary cell/co-culture systems to characterize the skin toxicity mechanism(s) of mGluR5 NAMs from two different series.

Novel Methods for Prioritizing "Close-In" Analogs from Structure-Activity Relationship Matrices.

Here we describe the development of novel methods for compound evaluation and prioritization based on the structure-activity relationship matrix (SARM) framework. The SARM data structure allows automatic and exhaustive extraction of SAR patterns from data sets and their organization into a chemically intuitive scaffold/functional-group format. While SARMs have been used in the retrospective analysis of SAR discontinuity and identifying underexplored regions of chemistry space, there have been only a few attempts to apply SARMs prospectively in the prioritization of "close-in" analogs.

Implementation in action: how Australian Exercise Physiologists approach exercise prescription for people with mental illness.

Background: Accredited Exercise Physiologists (AEPs) are trained to deliver exercise and physical activity interventions for people with chronic and complex health conditions including those with mental illness. However, their views on exercise for mental illness, their exercise prescription practices, and need for further training are unknown.

Aims: To examine the way in which Australian AEPs prescribe exercise for people with mental illness.

Linagliptin and its effects on hyperglycaemia and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal dysfunction: the randomized MARLINA-T2D trial.

Aims: The MARLINA-T2D study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01792518) was designed to investigate the glycaemic and renal effects of linagliptin added to standard-of-care in individuals with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria.

Methods: A total of 360 individuals with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c 6.

Decrements in knee extensor and flexor strength are associated with performance fatigue during simulated basketball game-play in adolescent, male players.

This study quantified lower-limb strength decrements and assessed the relationships between strength decrements and performance fatigue during simulated basketball. Ten adolescent, male basketball players completed a circuit-based, basketball simulation. Sprint and jump performance were assessed during each circuit, with knee flexion and extension peak concentric torques measured at baseline, half-time, and full-time.

Comparison of Pharmaceutical Calculations Learning Outcomes Achieved Within a Traditional Lecture or Flipped Classroom Andragogy.

To compare learning outcomes achieved from a pharmaceutical calculations course taught in a traditional lecture (lecture model) and a flipped classroom (flipped model). Students were randomly assigned to the lecture model and the flipped model. Course instructors, content, assessments, and instructional time for both models were equivalent.

Embedding exercise interventions as routine mental health care: implementation strategies in residential, inpatient and community settings.

Objectives: Evaluation of physical activity (PA) programs among populations with severe mental illness (SMI) has predominately focused on efficacy and therapeutic benefits. There is now strong evidence to support the benefits of PA in people with SMI. What remains is a gap in the implementation of pragmatic and sustainable PA interventions in mental-health settings.

Nucleotide Substrate Specificity of Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Nucleoside Analogs for Human Mitochondrial RNA Polymerase.

Nucleoside analog inhibitors (NAIs) are an important class of antiviral agents. Although highly effective, some NAIs with activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause toxicity, presumably due to off-target inhibition of host mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT). The nucleotide substrate specificity of POLRMT was studied in order to explore structure-activity relationships that can facilitate the identification of nontoxic NAIs.

Effects of Combined Strength and Sprint Training on Lean Mass, Strength, Power, and Sprint Performance in Masters Road Cyclists.

Del Vecchio, L, Stanton, R, Reaburn, P, Macgregor, C, Meerkin, J, Villegas, J, and Korhonen, MT. Effects of combined strength and sprint training on lean mass, strength, power, and sprint performance in masters road cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 66-79, 2019-Strength and sprint-training exercises are integral part of training in many younger endurance cyclists to improve cycling efficiency and sprinting ability.

The kallikrein-kinin system in diabetic kidney disease.

Purpose Of Review: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus and accounts for a large proportion of clinical nephrology practice. Studies have shown that the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) may be involved in several pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to DKD, including oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and profibrotic autacoids. This review focuses on recent research advance on the potential role of the KKS in the development of DKD and its clinical relevance.

The pentameric complex drives immunologically covert cell-cell transmission of wild-type human cytomegalovirus.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strains that have been passaged in vitro rapidly acquire mutations that impact viral growth. These laboratory-adapted strains of HCMV generally exhibit restricted tropism, produce high levels of cell-free virus, and develop susceptibility to natural killer cells. To permit experimentation with a virus that retained a clinically relevant phenotype, we reconstructed a wild-type (WT) HCMV genome using bacterial artificial chromosome technology.

A Review of Player Monitoring Approaches in Basketball: Current Trends and Future Directions.

Fox, JL, Scanlan, AT, and Stanton, R. A review of player monitoring approaches in basketball: current trends and future directions. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 2021-2029, 2017-Effective monitoring of players in team sports such as basketball requires an understanding of the external demands and internal responses, as they relate to training phases and competition.

Pyruvate kinase M2 activation may protect against the progression of diabetic glomerular pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease, and therapeutic options for preventing its progression are limited. To identify novel therapeutic strategies, we studied protective factors for DN using proteomics on glomeruli from individuals with extreme duration of diabetes (ł50 years) without DN and those with histologic signs of DN. Enzymes in the glycolytic, sorbitol, methylglyoxal and mitochondrial pathways were elevated in individuals without DN.

Improved clinical trial enrollment criterion to identify patients with diabetes at risk of end-stage renal disease.

Design of Phase III trials for diabetic nephropathy currently requires patients at a high risk of progression defined as within three years of a hard end point (end-stage renal disease, 40% loss of estimated glomerular filtration rate, or death). To improve the design of these trials, we used natural history data from the Joslin Kidney Studies of chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes to develop an improved criterion to identify such patients. This included a training cohort of 279 patients with type 1 diabetes and 134 end points within three years, and a validation cohort of 221 patients with type 2 diabetes and 88 end points.

Promoting physical activity after stroke via self-management: a feasibility study.

Background: Many people with mild disability after stroke are physically inactive despite the risk of recurrent stroke. A self-management program may be one strategy to increase physical activity in stroke survivors.

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility of a self-management program, and determine whether self-management can increase daily physical activity levels and self-efficacy for exercise, decrease cardiovascular risk, and improve walking ability, participation, and quality of life in people with mild disability after stroke.