Program evaluation of an ORS and zinc scale-up program in 8 Nigerian states.

Background: In Nigeria, diarrhea is the second leading killer of children under five. Between 2012-2017, the Clinton Health Access Initiative, Inc. (CHAI) and the Government of Nigeria implemented a comprehensive program in eight states aimed at increasing the percentage of children under five with diarrhea who were treated with zinc and oral rehydration solution (ORS).

Age-related differences in recognition in associative memory.

Aging is often accompanied by associative memory changes, although their precise nature remains unclear. This study examines how recognition of item position in the context of associative memory differs between younger and older adults. Participants studied word pairs (A-B, C-D) and were later tested with intact (A-B), reversed (D-C), recombined (A-D), and recombined and reversed (B-C) pairs.

Fast negative breakdown in thunderstorms.

Thunderstorms are natural laboratories for studying electrical discharges in air, where the vast temporal, spatial, and energy scales available can spawn surprising phenomena that reveal deficiencies in our understanding of dielectric breakdown. Recent discoveries, such as sprites, jets, terrestrial gamma ray flashes, and fast positive breakdown, highlight the diversity of complex phenomena that thunderstorms can produce, and point to the possibility for electrical breakdown/discharge mechanisms beyond dielectric breakdown theory based mainly on laboratory experiments. Here we present one such confounding discovery, termed fast negative breakdown, that does not fit with our current understanding of dielectric breakdown.

Acute barium poisoning in a dog after ingestion of handheld fireworks (party sparklers).

Objective: To report a case of acute barium poisoning in a dog subsequent to ingestion of a common handheld pyrotechnic (sparkler).

Case Summary: A 5-year-old female neutered German Shorthaired Pointer presented with acute onset of generalized flaccid muscle paralysis and fasciculations, ptyalism, and an irregular heart rhythm. Marked hypokalemia (1.

Psychometric properties of worry and anxiety measures in a sample of african american and caucasian older adults.

The aim of our study was to examine the psychometric properties of commonly used anxiety and worry assessment measures in a community-based, low-income sample of African American and Caucasian older adults. African American and Caucasian participants from three community-based clinical trials testing treatments for late-life worry/anxiety were pooled to examine the factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Abbreviated (PSWQ-A), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory-short form (GAI-SF). All three measures demonstrated an adequate fit to a one-factor structure.

Effects of cryopreservation on viability and functional stability of an industrially relevant alga.

As algal biotechnology develops, there is an increasing requirement to conserve cultures without the cost, time and genetic stability implications of conventional serial transfers, including issues regarding potential loss by failure to regrow, contamination on transfer, mix up and/or errors in the documentation on transfer. Furthermore, it is crucial to ensure both viability and functionality are retained by stored stock-cultures. Low temperature storage, ranging from the use of domestic freezers to storage under liquid nitrogen, is widely being used, but the implication to stability and function rarely investigated.

Simulation-Based Interprofessional Education: A Nursing and Social Work Collaboration.

Background: Contemporary teaching and learning pedagogy commands interprofessional collaboration among allied professions such as nursing and social work, two professions that have a natural inclination to partner in the workforce.

Method: Nursing and social work students participated in a structured simulated learning experience where they demonstrated their respective professional practice skills in a supported learning environment while working collaboratively to assess one of two patient types: high-fidelity or simulated.

Results: Both groups expressed initial worry during prebriefing but articulated their appreciation for and usefulness of working with the other profession.

Exposure and Response Prevention for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Case Study of a Veteran With Violent Intrusive Thoughts.

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is the gold standard treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); however, few studies have evaluated the use of ERP with veterans. This case study describes ERP and medication treatment of a veteran who experienced violent sexual thoughts, countered by compulsions of focusing on the distressing thought to ensure a negative emotion or reversing the thought to a nonviolent thought or image. The veteran had previously received supportive psychotherapy and medication for depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulties, with poor treatment adherence.

Co-Occurrence of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Substance Use Disorders Among U.S. Veterans: Prevalence and Mental Health Utilization.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and substance-use disorders (SUDs) co-occur at high rates, which is related to poorer psychosocial outcomes. Prior work suggests that, among veterans in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), OCD is underdiagnosed and undertreated, which can compound negative effects of OCD and SUD co-occurrence. This study identified patterns of OCD and specific SUD co-occurrence and their effect on mental health and substance-use screening measures and mental healthcare utilization.

Prevalence and Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Veterans and Active-Duty Service Members: A Systematic Review.

The prevalence and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in veterans and active-duty military remains unclear. We systematically reviewed literature on OCD diagnosis and treatment in U.S.

Clinical identification of feeding and swallowing disorders in 0-6 month old infants with Down syndrome.

Feeding and swallowing disorders have been described in children with a variety of neurodevelopmental disabilities, including Down syndrome (DS). Abnormal feeding and swallowing can be associated with serious sequelae such as failure to thrive and respiratory complications, including aspiration pneumonia. Incidence of dysphagia in young infants with DS has not previously been reported.

Remembering moral and immoral actions in constructing the self.

Having positive moral traits is central to one's sense of self, and people generally are motivated to maintain a positive view of the self in the present. But it remains unclear how people foster a positive, morally good view of the self in the present. We suggest that recollecting and reflecting on moral and immoral actions from the personal past jointly help to construct a morally good view of the current self in complementary ways.

New graduate occupational therapists' narratives of ethical tensions encountered in practice.

Background/aim: Professionals in health and social care have high workloads and are working with diverse populations in hierarchical and complicated service delivery systems. There is increasing pressure on new graduates because they are expected to be immediately work ready and may not receive adequate support or supervision. It is well known that there can be issues with satisfaction and retention rates of new graduates due to the challenges they experience.

Effect of enhanced detailing and mass media on community use of oral rehydration salts and zinc during a scale-up program in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh.

Background: The Clinton Health Access Initiative implemented a program from 2012-2016 to increase use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc to treat diarrhea in children under five in three states in India: Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. The program interventions included detailing and development of a rural supply chain to reach private rural health care providers, training of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), technical support to the state governments, and a mass media campaign targeted at caregivers. In Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh, some of the program activities, such as detailing and ASHA trainings, were targeted to high-burden focal districts, thus providing an opportunity to study their effect compared to statewide activities that covered all districts, such as the mass media campaign.

A Systematic Scoping Review of Work Interventions for Hospitalised Adults with an Acquired Neurological Impairment.

Purpose Addressing return to work early after neurological impairment from stroke or moderate and severe traumatic brain injury may improve likelihood of returning to employment, yet little is known about how best to organize work interventions for delivery in the inpatient hospital setting. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify knowledge gaps and inform program development in hospital-based work interventions. Method We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, OTSeeker and Embase for English-language articles published from database inception until March 2018.

"It didn't fit for me:" A qualitative examination of dropout from prolonged exposure and cognitive processing therapy in veterans.

Trauma-focused psychotherapies, such as prolonged exposure and cognitive processing therapy, are the most effective forms of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. These treatments are commonly delivered in the Veterans Health Administration; however, dropout means that some veterans fail to benefit. Ending treatment prematurely is a common problem across psychotherapies, with on average, 20% to 25% of patients dropping out.

Influenza vaccination among adults living with persons at high-risk for complications from influenza during early 2016-17 influenza season.

Background: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends all persons aged ≥6 months get vaccinated for influenza annually, placing particular emphasis on persons who are at increased risk for influenza-related complications and persons living with or caring for them.

Methods: Data from the 2016 National Internet Flu Survey (NIFS), a nationally representative, probability-based Internet panel survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S.

A Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Approach to Medication Dosing and Surveillance in the ICU.

Medication dosing in a critical care environment is a complex task that involves close monitoring of relevant physiologic and laboratory biomarkers and corresponding sequential adjustment of the prescribed dose. Misdosing of medications with narrow therapeutic windows (such as intravenous [IV] heparin) can result in preventable adverse events, decrease quality of care and increase cost. Therefore, a robust recommendation system can help clinicians by providing individualized dosing suggestions or corrections to existing protocols.

Intratumoral delivery of antigen with complement C3-bound liposomes reduces tumor growth in mice.

Antigen presenting cells (APCs) initiate the immune response against cancer by engulfing and presenting tumor antigens to T cells. Our lab has recently developed a liposomal nanoparticle that binds complement C3 proteins, allowing it to bind to the complement C3 receptors of APCs and directly deliver antigenic peptides. APCs were shown to internalize and process complement C3-bound liposomes containing ovalbumin (OVA), resulting in a significant increase in activated T cells that recognize OVA.

Regular handling reduces corticosterone stress responses to handling but not condition of semi-precocial mottled petrel (Pterodroma inexpectata) chicks.

Handling of avian study species is common in ecological research, yet few studies account for the impact of handling in nestlings where exposure to stress may result in negative lifetime fitness consequences. As a result, our understanding of stress reactivity in free-living avian young is limited. In this study we examined the cumulative impact of three levels of research-relevant handling (control, daily and every three days) on the development of the stress response, growth and condition of semi-precocial seabird chicks from near-hatching to near-fledging.

Positive and negative religious coping as predictors of distress among minority older adults.

Objectives: The study replicated and extended previous findings by investigating relationships between positive and negative religious coping and psychological distress in minority older adults.

Methods: Older adults were evaluated during screening and baseline procedures of a psychotherapy clinical trial for late-life worry and anxiety. Participants were age 50 years or older and recruited from low-income and predominantly minority neighborhoods.

A complex peripheral code for salt taste in .

Each taste modality is generally encoded by a single, molecularly defined, population of sensory cells. However, salt stimulates multiple taste pathways in mammals and insects, suggesting a more complex code for salt taste. Here, we examine salt coding in .