A Decision Support System to Guide Grower Selection of Optimal Seeding Rates of Wheat Cultivars in Diverse Environments.

Seeding rate in hard red spring wheat (HRSW; L.) production impacts input cost and grain yield. Predicting the optimal seeding rate (OSR) for HRSW cultivars can eliminate the need for costly seeding rate research and growers using OSRs can maximize yield and seeding efficiency.

Interleukin 1 Receptor 1 Knockout and Maternal High Fat Diet Exposure Induces Sex-Specific Effects on Adipose Tissue Adipogenic and Inflammatory Gene Expression in Adult Mouse Offspring.

The global incidence of obesity continues to rise, increasing the prevalence of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Low-grade chronic inflammation, associated with the obese state, also contributes to the development of these metabolic comorbidities. Interleukin-1-receptor-1 (IL-1R1), a pro-inflammatory mediator, bridges the metabolic and inflammatory systems.

Oral Contraceptive Use Influences On-Kinetic Adaptations to Sprint Interval Training in Recreationally-Active Women.

Introduction: Oral contraceptive (OC) use influences peak exercise responses to training, however, the influence of OC on central and peripheral adaptations to exercise training are unknown. This study investigated the influence of OC use on changes in time-to-fatigue, pulmonary oxygen uptake, cardiac output, and heart rate on-kinetics, as well as tissue saturation index to 4 weeks of sprint interval training in recreationally active women.

Methods: Women taking an oral contraceptive (OC; = 25) or experiencing natural menstrual cycles (MC; = 22) completed an incremental exercise test to volitional exhaustion followed by a square-wave step-transition protocol to moderate (90% of power output at ventilatory threshold) and high intensity (Δ50% of power output at ventilatory threshold) exercise on two separate occasions.

Disparities in Cancer-Specific Survival Between Māori and Non-Māori New Zealanders, 2007-2016.

Purpose: While cancer survival is improving across most developed nations, those improvements are not shared equally within their population. Using high-quality national data, we have reviewed the extent to which cancer survival inequities are persisting for indigenous Māori compared with non-Māori New Zealanders and the extent to which these disparities are driven by deprivation, comorbidity, and stage of disease.

Methods: Incident cases of cancer (2007-2016) were extracted from the New Zealand Cancer Registry and linked to mortality and hospitalization data.

Ontogenetic variation in the auditory sensitivity of black sea bass () and the implications of anthropogenic sound on behavior and communication.

Black sea bass () is an important fish species in both commercial and recreational fisheries of southern New England and the mid-Atlantic Bight. Due to the intense urbanization of these waters, this species is subject to a wide range of anthropogenic noise pollution. Concerns that are negatively affected by pile driving and construction noise predominate in areas earmarked for energy development.

Disordered directional brain network interactions during learning dynamics in schizophrenia revealed by multivariate autoregressive models.

Directional network interactions underpin normative brain function in key domains including associative learning. Schizophrenia (SCZ) is characterized by altered learning dynamics, yet dysfunctional directional functional connectivity (dFC) evoked during learning is rarely assessed. Here, nonlinear learning dynamics were induced using a paradigm alternating between conditions (Encoding and Retrieval).

processes sensory information to choose between freeloading and self-defense strategies.

Hydrogen peroxide is the preeminent chemical weapon that organisms use for combat. Individual cells rely on conserved defenses to prevent and repair peroxide-induced damage, but whether similar defenses might be coordinated across cells in animals remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a neuronal circuit in the nematode that processes information perceived by two sensory neurons to control the induction of hydrogen peroxide defenses in the organism.

Consumption of the Artificial Sweetener Acesulfame Potassium throughout Pregnancy Induces Glucose Intolerance and Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Mice.

Background: Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with metabolic dysfunction. Artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) are often promoted as an alternative. However, evidence for the safety of ASB consumption during pregnancy is lacking.

Examining adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes associated with severe maternal morbidity.

Background: While there is a global focus on severe maternal morbidity (SMM), less is known about the impact of SMM on fetal and neonatal outcomes.

Aims: To examine fetal/neonatal outcomes associated with SMM.

Materials And Methods: A national New Zealand (NZ) retrospective cohort study describing fetal/neonatal outcomes of all women with SMM admitted to a NZ Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or High Dependency Unit (HDU) in 2014.

Histologic and morphologic character of pediatric renal artery occlusive disease.

Objective: The pathologic nature of pediatric renal artery occlusive lesions causing renovascular hypertension has been the subject of numerous anecdotal reports. This study was undertaken to define the character of childhood renal artery stenoses. A better understanding of this disease is particularly germane, given its unknown etiology and the limited success of certain contemporary treatment options.

Surgical management of pediatric renin-mediated hypertension secondary to renal artery occlusive disease and abdominal aortic coarctation.

Background: Renovascular hypertension (RVH) associated with renal artery and abdominal aortic narrowings is the third most common cause of pediatric hypertension. Untreated children may experience major cardiopulmonary complications, stroke, renal failure, and death. The impetus of this study was to describe the increasingly complex surgical practice for such patients with an emphasis on anatomic phenotype and contemporary outcomes after surgical management as a means of identifying those factors responsible for persistent or recurrent hypertension necessitating reoperation.

Interpretable Neuron Structuring with Graph Spectral Regularization.

While neural networks are powerful approximators used to classify or embed data into lower dimensional spaces, they are often regarded as black boxes with uninterpretable features. Here we propose for making hidden layers more interpretable without significantly impacting performance on the primary task. Taking inspiration from spatial organization and localization of neuron activations in biological networks, we use a graph Laplacian penalty to structure the activations within a layer.

Relationship Between Contact Lens Sensor Output Parameters and Visual Field Progression in Open-angle Glaucoma: Assessment of a Practical Tool to Guide Clinical Risk-assessment.

Purpose: In recent years, new technologies have emerged to better analyze and interpret intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations. Among them is the progression report (PR), an algorithm based on continuous contact lens sensor (CLS) readings to estimate the likelihood of fast visual field (VF) glaucomatous progression. The objective of this study is to validate the PR.

N-acetylcysteine reduces cocaine-seeking behavior and anterior cingulate glutamate/glutamine levels among cocaine-dependent individuals.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a cystine prodrug shown to reduce cocaine- and cue-primed reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in preclinical studies. In this inpatient study, the effects of NAC maintenance versus placebo on cocaine-seeking behavior were examined during cocaine-primed and unprimed self-administration sessions among non-treatment-seeking, cocaine-dependent individuals. Twelve participants completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject crossover study.

Introducing a Face Sort Paradigm to Evaluate Age Differences in Emotion Perception.

Objectives: Previous research has uncovered age-related differences in emotion perception. To date, studies have relied heavily on forced-choice methods that stipulate possible responses. These constrained methods limit discovery of variation in emotion perception, which may be due to subtle differences in underlying concepts for emotion.

Enhancing primary care and preventive services through Interprofessional practice and education.

Interprofessional (IP) practice and education are important when seeking to respond to the growing demand for primary and preventive care services. Multiple professions with synergistic expertise are needed to effectively provide health promotion, disease prevention, and patient education and to help patients with multiple comorbidities, chronic health conditions, and care coordination. A recent study by Schor et al.

Recent Advances in Understanding Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid.

For many years, The Journal of Investigative Dermatology (JID) has been a leader in our understanding of many aspects of the major autoimmune blistering skin diseases, pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid. The purpose of this review is to highlight and summarize those advances by discussing the respective articles, published in the JID from 2015 to 2019. Seminal articles from elsewhere in the literature that set the stage for those advances, or that are "classics" in the area, are also included to provide context and a more complete picture.

Pemphigus Vulgaris and Foliaceus IgG Autoantibodies Directly Block Heterophilic Transinteraction between Desmoglein and Desmocollin.

Anti-desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg3 IgG autoantibodies in pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris cause blisters through loss of desmosomal adhesion. It is controversial whether blister formation is due to direct inhibition of Dsg, intracellular signaling events causing desmosome destabilization, or both. Recent studies show that heterophilic binding between Dsg and desmocollin (Dsc) is the fundamental adhesive unit of desmosomes.

Effect of DHT-Induced Hyperandrogenism on the Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Morphology.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent disorders among women of reproductive age. It is considered as a pro-inflammatory state with chronic low-grade inflammation, one of the key factors contributing to the pathogenesis of this disorder. Polycystic ovary is a well-established criterion for PCOS.

Single-Institution Phase 1/2 Prospective Clinical Trial of Single-Fraction, High-Gradient Adjuvant Partial-Breast Irradiation for Hormone Sensitive Stage 0-I Breast Cancer.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of a novel accelerated partial breast irradiation regimen delivered in a single fraction postoperatively.

Methods And Materials: We enrolled 50 patients with low-risk, hormone-sensitive breast cancer from 2015 to 2018 on a prospective phase 1/2 trial to receive single-fraction, high-gradient partial-breast irradiation (SFHGPBI) 2 to 8 weeks after lumpectomy for node-negative, invasive, or in situ breast cancer. The high gradient was achieved by prescribing 20 Gy to the surgical bed and 5 Gy to the breast tissue within 1 cm of the surgical bed simultaneously in 1 fraction using external beam.

The Effects of Daily Cold-Water Recovery and Postexercise Hot-Water Immersion on Training-Load Tolerance During 5 Days of Heat-Based Training.

Purpose: To examine the effects of daily cold- and hot-water recovery on training load (TL) during 5 days of heat-based training.

Methods: Eight men completed 5 days of cycle training for 60 minutes (50% peak power output) in 4 different conditions in a block counter-balanced-order design. Three conditions were completed in the heat (35°C) and 1 in a thermoneutral environment (24°C; CON).