Bone scintigraphy hot-spot in projection to rib and kidney: role of single photon emission computer tomography/computer tomography in distinguishing a urine collection in renal calyx from a metastasis to rib.

On planar bone scintigrams, activity enhancement foci in projection to kidney and lower ribs can arise from the kidney, or from bone lesions. A differentiation based only on the exact location and shape of the hot spot can sometimes be misleading, resulting in a false qualification of a rib metastatic lesion as urine collection in the kidney or opposite. The authors illustrate the problem with three cases: In two patients, such a hot spot appeared to be the solitary metastatic focus; in one, highly suggestive for solitary metastatic focus, it was proven to be a urine collection.

Approximation of time-uptake curve to a modified Bateman equation based on three uptake tests - potential value for dosimetry of corpuscular radiation.

Background: Many models of assessing radiopharmaceutical kinetics for dosimetry have been developed, starting from the formula of Marinelli. They are either inaccurate or require taking multiple patient uptake measurements.

Material And Methods: Radiotracer behavior is approached to a modified Bateman equation ("biphasic model").

Enhanced accumulation of bone seekers at superior lateral orbital margin: potential origin.

Enhanced accumulation of the radiotracer at superior lateral orbital margin is a common finding in bone scintigraphy. Its possible sources are discussed and illustrated with examples from own archive of the authors as well as from the literature. These sources include: Physiologically enhanced bone metabolism at frontozygomatic suture (normal variant), a metastasis at this suture (illustrated with an example of solitary metastasis from prostate cancer), lesions to the zygomatic bone or the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, deepened fossa for lacrimal gland and the gland itself.

Congenital vascular malformations in scintigraphic evaluation.

Background: Congenital vascular malformations are tumour-like, non-neoplastic lesions caused by disorders of vascular tissue morphogenesis. They are characterised by a normal cell replacement cycle throughout all growth phases and do not undergo spontaneous involution. Here we present a scintigraphic image of familial congenital vascular malformations in two sisters.

To what extent can diverse types of liver lesions mimic hemangiomas? A retrospective quantitative analysis of masses found to be positive in SPECT/CT with labeled blood cells - a preliminary report.

Background: Although specificity of SPECT/CT examination using technetium-99m radiolabeled red blood cells (Tc-99m-RBC) for detection of liver hemangiomas is very high, it is still not perfect. It is possible to overlook a malignancy. Moreover, the difference in accumulation of RBCs between a hemangioma and uninvolved liver remains unknown.

Two hundred years after discovery of iodine--less known functions of the element in human organism.

The main role of iodine in human organism is related to biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. The less known metabolic pathway of the element is formation of iodolipids (mainly iodoaldehydes and iodolactones). One of the compounds, 6-iodo-5-hydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid delta-lactone (6-IL), is believed to inhibit goiter growth, to modulate the cell response on some growth factors, and to trigger apoptosis in some types of cells.

A single photon emission computed tomography of the chest with the use of receptor radiotracer (Tc-99m-Depreotide) in sarcoidosis.

Background: Sarcoidosis is a systemic and multiorgan disease with unknown etiopathogenesis. Granulomas that do not undergo necrosis and caseous degeneration are distinctive for this disease. Mostly it is connected with young adults, more frequently females than males, and changes are mainly situated in the lymph nodes of the pulmonary hilus and pulmonary parenchyma.

Single photon emission computed tomography in pulmonary embolism - estimation of selected, scintigraphic regions of interests.

Background: Pulmonary embolism is considered dangerous form of thrombo-embolic venous disease contracted by 25000 people annually with around 30% deaths. Accurate diagnosis of the disease and treatment could reduce mortality rate by several per cent. Discernment of ailment is obstructed by variety of clinical picture.

[The estimation of the goiter by means of ultrasonography and scintigraphy (SPECT) with using 131I].

Introduction: Ultrasonography (US) and scintigraphy (SPECT) are used to evaluate the volume of thyroid glands. An accurate estimation of the thyroid volume, among other factors, is necessary to calculate the suitable radioactive iodine dose, which determines the success of the therapy. The aim of the study was to estimate the volume of the goiter by means of US and (131)I-SPECT.

Tuberculosis of elbow and wrist joints - usefulness of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in morphological changes evaluation.

Tuberculosis is an infection disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium atipics. The disease involves first of all the lungs (about 95% of patients). The changes were recognized in locomotive system in about 20% of cases of the other location and they occurred mainly in the vertebral column, hip - joint and knee - joint [1].

The role of radioisotopic methods in imaging of intervertebral disc inflammation in children.

The authors present the case of a 17-year-old girl, with pain over lumbar spine area, treated by paediatricians and rehabilitation specialists, discussing diagnostic imaging and laboratory examinations together with clinical observations. Spondylodiscitis was diagnosed after bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP, the course of disease was monitored by immunoscintigraphy amongst other techniques.

The case of Cushing's disease imaging by SPECT examination without manifestation of pituitary adenoma in MRI examination.

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the possibility of imaging the pathological accumulation of (99m)Tc-MIBI in the pituitary gland in patients with Cushing's disease when MRI examination does not show microadenomas.

Material And Methods: Cushing's disease was diagnosed in a 27 year old male on the basis of clinical and biochemical findings. The blood cortisol level of the patient was elevated (the average level was 47 ug/dl) and it showed no changeability of day and night rhythm.

Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the mandible in bone scintigraphy and CT.

Unlabelled: The authors present a case of a 4-year old boy with a quickly growing tumor of the jaw. The CT examination revealed a destructive tumor in the body of the mandible involving soft tissues. A diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma of the mandible was confirmed by a biopsy of the tumor.

[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a menopausal woman on estrogen replacement therapy].

The case of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) was presented. Woman (55 years) receiving for several years estrogens with the symptoms of disease (dyspnea, nonproductive cough, chylous pleural fluid) appeared after menopause. Suggestive clinical symptoms and chest HRCT scan confirmed clinical diagnosis of LAM.

[Transvaginal ultrasonography and sonohysterography in the diagnosis of benign uterine lesions in women at peri- and postmenopausal age].

Abnormal uterine bleeding is important clinical problem in women at peri- and postmenopausal age. It may be caused by the lesions located in endometrium or in deeper uterine wall layers. An aim of this paper was a comparison of transvaginal sonography (TVS) vs.

[Hydrocolonic sonography in the diagnostics of ulcerative colitis].

The present study was to assess the diagnostic value of hydrocolonic sonography in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). 32 patients with clinical diagnosis of UC or with the symptoms of the disease were examined with hydrocolonic sonography, and subsequently with double-contrast enema radiography. 18 healthy subjects were examined as controls.

[Osteoporosis in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatic patients. Part II. Dependence on asthma duration and its treatment as well as on type of applied steroids].

The purpose of this study was an attempt at determination whether the risk of osteoporosis in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatic patients depends on duration and type of steroid therapy. The examinations were performed in 82 patients aged 29-70 years, treated with different types of steroids for 1-25 years. In the analysed patients osteoporosis was established by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine, assessed by quantitative computer tomography (QCT).

[Osteoporosis in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatic patients. Part I. Frequency and intensity of changes].

The purpose of this study was evaluation of the frequency and severity of osteoporosis in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatic patients. The examinations were performed in 82 patients aged 29-70 years, treated with different types of steroids for 1-25 years. In the analysed patients bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine, assessed by quantitative computer tomography (QCT) was measured, and prevalence of osteoporosis was evaluated on the basis of spine radiograms.

[Scintimammography in breast cancer imaging].

Scintimammography is a rarely used method of breast cancer imaging. The aim of the study was to find its place among other radiological methods. Routine methods of breast cancer detection were compared considering their advantages and disadvantages.

[Metastasis of renal carcinoma to the diaphragm].

The most common sites of metastases originating from primary renal clear cell carcinoma are bones and lungs. The authors present a rare case of the tumor that metastasized to the diaphragm. Both lesions, the primary in the kidney and the secondary in the diaphragm, were detected occasionally during the ultrasound examination of the right pleural cavity and abdominal cavity.