Impact of Farnesol as a Modulator of Efflux Pumps in a Fluconazole-Resistant Strain of .

This work studied the impact of the quorum-sensing molecule, farnesol (FAR), on fluconazole (FLC)-resistant isolate CY 1123 compared with the susceptible standard strain SC5314. The genes encoding efflux pumps belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and major facilitator superfamilies, together with overexpression or point mutation of the gene, are the main resistance mechanisms to azole antifungal drugs. The upregulation of genes coding for and were confirmed by qPCR with respect to the housekeeping gene in the resistant strain.

The impact of farnesol in combination with fluconazole on Candida albicans biofilm: regulation of ERG20, ERG9, and ERG11 genes.

Farnesol (FAR) has already demonstrated an inhibitory effect on Candida albicans biofilm. The aim of this work was to determine the effectiveness of externally added FAR in combination with fluconazole (FLC) on Candida albicans biofilm and on regulation of the ergosterol genes ERG20, ERG9, and ERG11. The effectiveness of compounds was determined by MTT assay and evaluated by the minimal inhibitory concentrations reducing a sessile biofilm to 50% activity (0.

Synergy between azoles and 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative as an option to control fungal infections.

With emerging fungal infections and developing resistance, there is a need for understanding the mechanisms of resistance as well as its clinical impact while planning the treatment strategies. Several approaches could be taken to overcome the problems arising from the management of fungal diseases. Besides the discovery of novel effective agents, one realistic alternative is to enhance the activity of existing agents.

Employment of methylene blue irradiated with laser light source in photodynamic inactivation of biofilm formed by Candida albicans strain resistant to fluconazole.

A promising approach for the eradication of biofilm formed by the yeast Candida albicans seems to be photodynamic inactivation (PDI). This work presents a use of methylene blue (MB, 1 mM) irradiated with a red laser (output power 190 mW/cm2, wavelength 660 nm) for the eradication of a biofilm formed by the fluconazole-resistant (FLC-resistant) strain C. albicans CY 1123 compared to the standard strain C.