The Re-Emergence of Hepatitis E Virus in Europe and Vaccine Development.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis. Transmission of HEV mainly occurs via the fecal-oral route (ingesting contaminated water or food) or by contact with infected animals and their raw meat products. Some animals, such as pigs, wild boars, sheep, goats, rabbits, camels, rats, etc.

Age and Gender Trends in the Prevalence of Markers for Hepatitis E Virus Exposure in the Heterogeneous Bulgarian Population.

The prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the Bulgarian population remains underestimated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate age and gender trends in HEV prevalence in the heterogeneous Bulgarian population. Stored serum samples from blood donors and different patient sub-populations-kidney recipients (KR), patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), Lyme disease (LD), patients with liver involvement and a clinical diagnosis other than viral hepatitis A and E (non-AE), hemodialysis (HD) and HIV-positive patients (HIV)-were retrospectively investigated for markers of past and recent/ongoing HEV infection.

Severe thrombocytopenia in primary EBV- Infection with no signs of infectious mononucleosis. A case report.

Epstein-Barr virus is a widely spread Herpesvirus. Primary EBV infection affects children and young people, inducing haematological changes, with lymphocytosis being the most common. Moderate symptomless thrombocytopenia is found in 50% of the patients, however, severe thrombocytopenia is exceptionally rare.

Vector-borne and zoonotic infections and their relationships with regional and socioeconomic statuses: An ID-IRI survey in 24 countries of Europe, Africa and Asia.

Background: In this cross-sectional, international study, we aimed to analyze vector-borne and zoonotic infections (VBZI), which are significant global threats.

Method: VBZIs' data between May 20-28, 2018 was collected. The 24 Participatingcountries were classified as lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income.

Hypotheses and facts for genetic factors related to severe COVID-19.

Genome-wide association analysis allows the identification of potential candidate genes involved in the development of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hence, it seems that genetics matters here, as well. Nevertheless, the virus's nature, including its RNA structure, determines the rate of mutations leading to new viral strains with all epidemiological and clinical consequences.

West Nile Fever - Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics. Review of the Literature and Contribution with Three Clinical Cases.

West Nile fever (WNF) is a vector-borne infection caused by a Flavivirus-West Nile virus (WNV). WNV is transmitted by mosquitoes, and birds are the major natural reservoir. A recent increase in the number of the WNF cases has been reported in Europe, the Balkans, and Bulgaria.

Immunological aspects of COVID-19: What do we know?

The newly emerged coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2) and the disease that it causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have changed the world we know. Yet, the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 remain mostly vague. Many virulence factors and immune mechanisms contribute to the deteriorating effects on the organism during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Effect of interactions on molecular fluxes and fluctuations in the transport across membrane channels.

Transport of molecules across membrane channels is investigated theoretically using exactly solvable one-dimensional discrete-state stochastic models. An interaction between molecules and membrane pores is modeled via a set of binding sites with different energies. It is shown that the interaction potential strongly influences the particle currents as well as fluctuations in the number of translocated molecules.

Translocation of polymers with folded configurations across nanopores.

The transport of polymers with folded configurations across membrane pores is investigated theoretically by analyzing simple discrete stochastic models. The translocation dynamics is viewed as a sequence of two events: motion of the folded segment through the channel followed by the linear part of the polymer. The transition rates vary for the folded and linear segments because of different interactions between the polymer molecule and the pore.

Effect of orientation in translocation of polymers through nanopores.

The motion of polymers with inhomogeneous structure through nanopores is discussed theoretically. Specifically, we consider the translocation dynamics of polymers consisting of double-stranded and single-stranded blocks. Since only the single-stranded chain can go through the nanopore the double-stranded segment has to unzip before the translocation.

Equilibrium statistics of an inelastically bouncing ball, subject to gravity and a random force.

We consider a particle moving on the half line x > 0 and subject to a constant force in the -x direction plus a delta-correlated random force. At x = 0 the particle is reflected inelastically. The velocities just after and before the reflection satisfy v(f) = -r v(i), where r is the coefficient of restitution.

Randomly accelerated particle in a box: mean absorption time for partially absorbing and inelastic boundaries.

Consider a particle which is randomly accelerated by Gaussian white noise on the line segment 0 View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Equilibrium of a confined, randomly accelerated, inelastic particle: is there inelastic collapse?

We consider the one-dimensional motion of a particle randomly accelerated by Gaussian white noise on the line segment 0 View Article and Find Full Text PDF